Cavalli Roberta, Soster Marco, Argenziano Monica
Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
Ther Deliv. 2016;7(2):117-38. doi: 10.4155/tde.15.92. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
In recent decades ultrasound-guided delivery of drugs loaded on nanocarriers has been the focus of increasing attention to improve therapeutic treatments. Ultrasound has often been used in combination with microbubbles, micron-sized spherical gas-filled structures stabilized by a shell, to amplify the biophysical effects of the ultrasonic field. Nanometer size bubbles are defined nanobubbles. They were designed to obtain more efficient drug delivery systems. Indeed, their small sizes allow extravasation from blood vessels into surrounding tissues and ultrasound-targeted site-specific release with minimal invasiveness. Additionally, nanobubbles might be endowed with improved stability and longer residence time in systemic circulation. This review will describe the physico-chemical properties of nanobubbles, the formulation parameters and the drug loading approaches, besides potential applications as a therapeutic tool.
近几十年来，超声引导下负载于纳米载体的药物递送已成为改善治疗方法的日益关注焦点。超声常常与微泡（一种由外壳稳定的微米级球形充气结构）联合使用，以增强超声场的生物物理效应。纳米尺寸的气泡被定义为纳米气泡。它们旨在获得更高效的药物递送系统。事实上，其小尺寸允许从血管外渗至周围组织，并以最小的侵入性实现超声靶向的位点特异性释放。此外，纳米气泡可能具有改善的稳定性以及在体循环中更长的停留时间。本综述将描述纳米气泡的物理化学性质、制剂参数和药物负载方法，以及作为治疗工具的潜在应用。
