Berge J, Sundell K, Öjehagen A, Håkansson A
Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Medical Management Center Department of Learning, Informatics, Management & Ethics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 14;6(1):e008979. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008979.
Adolescent substance use is an area of concern because early substance use is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Parenting style, defined as the general style of parenting, as well as substance-specific parenting practices may influence children's substance use behaviour. The present study aims to probe the impact of parenting style on adolescent substance use.
A cohort of 1268 adolescents (48% girls), aged 12-13 years at baseline, from 21 junior high schools was assessed in the first semester of junior high school, and then again in the last semester of the 9th grade, 32 months later. Parenting style, operationalised as a fourfold classification of parenting styles, including established risk factors for adolescent substance use, were measured at baseline.
Neglectful parenting style was associated with worse substance use outcomes across all substances. After adjusting for other proximal risk factors in multivariate analyses, parenting style was found to be unrelated to substance use outcomes with one exception: authoritative parenting style was associated with less frequent drinking. Association with deviant peers, delinquent behaviour, provision of alcohol by parents, and previous use of other substances were associated with substance use outcomes at follow-up.
The results of the present study indicate that parenting style may be less important for adolescent substance use outcomes than what has previously been assumed, and that association with deviant peers and delinquent behaviour may be more important for adolescent substance use outcomes than general parenting style.
青少年物质使用是一个令人担忧的领域，因为早期物质使用与更高的不良后果风险相关。育儿方式（定义为养育子女的总体方式）以及特定物质的育儿行为可能会影响儿童的物质使用行为。本研究旨在探究育儿方式对青少年物质使用的影响。
对来自21所初中的1268名青少年（48%为女孩）进行队列研究，这些青少年在基线时年龄为12 - 13岁，在初中第一学期进行评估，32个月后的九年级最后一个学期再次评估。在基线时测量育儿方式，将其操作为育儿方式的四重分类，包括青少年物质使用的既定风险因素。
忽视型育儿方式与所有物质的更差物质使用结果相关。在多变量分析中调整其他近端风险因素后，发现育儿方式与物质使用结果无关，但有一个例外：权威型育儿方式与饮酒频率较低相关。与偏差同伴的关联、违法行为、父母提供酒精以及之前使用其他物质与随访时的物质使用结果相关。
本研究结果表明，育儿方式对青少年物质使用结果的重要性可能低于先前的假设，并且与偏差同伴的关联和违法行为对青少年物质使用结果可能比一般育儿方式更重要。
