与不健康行为和健康结果相关的因素：一项针对托斯卡纳青少年（意大利）的横断面研究。
Factors associated with unhealthy behaviours and health outcomes: a cross-sectional study among Tuscan adolescents (Italy).
作者信息
Lazzeri Giacomo, Azzolini Elena, Pammolli Andrea, Simi Rita, Meoni Veronica, Giacchi Mariano Vincenzo
出版信息
Int J Equity Health. 2014 Sep 25;13(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12939-014-0083-5.
BACKGROUND
We aimed to determine the extent to which three core variables (school environment, peer group and family affluence) were associated with unhealthy behaviours and health outcomes among Tuscan adolescents. The unhealthy behaviours considered were smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle and irregular breakfast consumption; health outcomes were classified as self-reported health, multiple health complaints and life satisfaction. School environment was measured in terms of liking school, school pressure, academic achievement and classmate support; peer groups were evaluated in terms of the number of peers and frequency of peer contact. Family affluence was measured on a socioeconomic scale.
METHODS
Data were taken from the Tuscan 2009/10 survey of "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children", a WHO cross-national survey. A binary logistic multiple regression (95% confidence intervals) was implemented.
RESULTS
The total sample comprised 3291 school students: 1135 11-year-olds, 1255 13-year-olds and 901 15-year-olds. Peer group and school environment were associated with unhealthy behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle. Family affluence proved to have less impact on unhealthy behaviours, except in the case of adolescents living in low-income families. Poor health outcomes were directly related to a negative school environment. Regarding the influence of family affluence, the results showed higher odds of life dissatisfaction and poor self-reported health status in medium-income families, while low-income families had higher odds only with regard to life dissatisfaction. A consistent pattern of gender differences was found in terms of both unhealthy behaviours and health outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Unhealthy behaviours are strongly related to the school environment and peer group. A negative school environment proved to have the strongest relation with poor health outcomes.
背景
我们旨在确定三个核心变量（学校环境、同伴群体和家庭富裕程度）与托斯卡纳青少年不健康行为及健康状况之间的关联程度。所考虑的不健康行为包括吸烟、饮酒、久坐不动的生活方式和不吃早餐；健康状况分为自我报告的健康状况、多种健康问题和生活满意度。学校环境通过对学校的喜爱程度、学业压力、学业成绩和同学支持来衡量；同伴群体通过同伴数量和同伴接触频率来评估。家庭富裕程度采用社会经济量表进行衡量。
方法
数据取自2009/10年托斯卡纳“学龄儿童健康行为”的调查，这是一项世界卫生组织的跨国调查。采用二元逻辑多元回归（95%置信区间）。
结果
总样本包括3291名在校学生：1135名11岁学生、1255名13岁学生和901名15岁学生。同伴群体和学校环境与吸烟、饮酒和久坐不动的生活方式等不健康行为有关。家庭富裕程度对不健康行为的影响较小，除了生活在低收入家庭的青少年。健康状况不佳与负面的学校环境直接相关。关于家庭富裕程度的影响，结果显示中等收入家庭生活不满意和自我报告健康状况差的几率更高，而低收入家庭仅在生活不满意方面几率更高。在不健康行为和健康状况方面均发现了一致的性别差异模式。
结论
不健康行为与学校环境和同伴群体密切相关。负面的学校环境与健康状况不佳的关系最为密切。
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