Gomes Paulo J
Department of Allergy, Ora, Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Oct;14(5):451-6. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000100.
This review describes recent findings and trends in prevalence and treatment of allergic ocular diseases. Although the major focus is on seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, related disorders will also be considered.
Published reports from countries around the world suggest that the spectrum of atopic diseases, including seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, is continuing its pattern of increasing prevalence, which has been well documented over the past few decades. In addition, although treatment modalities have focused on topical formulations including antihistamines and corticosteroids, there is a significant emphasis on immunotherapy as an alternative treatment modality, particularly in the USA.
Allergic conjunctivitis is a key component in the spectrum of allergic diseases that is sometimes collectively referred to as rhinoconjunctivitis. Because of its high prevalence worldwide, it exacts an increasing toll in terms of patient discomfort, morbidity, and loss of productivity. Current estimates suggest that at least 20% of the overall population suffers from some form of allergic conjunctivitis, many without ever seeking treatments. In addition, a significant proportion of patients experience chronic forms of allergy that are less responsive to existing therapies. Recent approval of immunotherapy-based treatments may address this therapeutic gap.
本综述描述了变应性眼病患病率及治疗方面的最新研究结果和趋势。尽管主要关注季节性和常年性变应性结膜炎，但也会考虑相关疾病。
来自世界各国的已发表报告表明，包括季节性和常年性变应性结膜炎在内的特应性疾病谱，仍在延续过去几十年中已有充分记录的患病率上升趋势。此外，尽管治疗方式主要集中在局部用药，包括抗组胺药和皮质类固醇，但免疫疗法作为一种替代治疗方式受到了显著关注，尤其是在美国。
变应性结膜炎是变应性疾病谱中的一个关键组成部分，有时统称为鼻结膜炎。由于其在全球范围内的高患病率，它在患者不适、发病率和生产力损失方面造成的影响日益增加。目前估计，至少20%的总人口患有某种形式的变应性结膜炎，许多人从未寻求治疗。此外，相当一部分患者经历慢性过敏形式，对现有疗法反应较差。基于免疫疗法的治疗方法最近获得批准，可能会填补这一治疗空白。
