School of Medicine.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2016;7:287-312. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033251. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex, multifaceted, urgent global health problem. There is increasing concern about the emergence of multidrug-resistant superbugs. These superbugs result in infections responsive to treatment with few if any currently available antimicrobial agents, reviving memories of the preantibiotic era and evoking concerns about a postantibiotic era. Use of antibiotics exerts selective pressure on pathogens as well as on commensal organisms that are part of the normal flora of humans, animals, and the environment; this favors the emergence of resistant strains and sometimes involves the food supply. Addressing this urgent threat requires implementation of a multifaceted strategy that has been articulated in the past few years; implementation will require sustained political will, investment in systems and research, and a One Health approach involving improved communication, cooperation, and collaboration among the many professional disciplines and organizations with important roles to play at the intersection of human, animal, and environmental health. Priorities include strengthened human and animal health surveillance and monitoring for resistant organisms, antimicrobial stewardship programs, infection-control programs, development and approval of new antimicrobial agents, research on innovative therapeutic approaches, development of rapid diagnostic tests and new vaccines, and educational programs that target professional groups and the public.
抗菌药物耐药性是一个复杂的、多方面的、紧迫的全球卫生问题。人们越来越担心多药耐药超级细菌的出现。这些超级细菌导致的感染对目前可用的少数几种抗菌药物治疗反应不佳，如果有的话，这让人回想起了抗生素前时代，并引发了对后抗生素时代的担忧。抗生素的使用对病原体以及作为人类、动物和环境正常菌群一部分的共生生物施加了选择性压力；这有利于耐药菌株的出现，有时还涉及到食物供应。应对这一紧迫威胁需要实施过去几年中提出的多方面策略；实施该策略需要持续的政治意愿、对系统和研究的投资，以及一种涉及改善沟通、合作和协作的“同一健康”方法，以发挥在人类、动物和环境卫生交叉点上具有重要作用的许多专业学科和组织的作用。优先事项包括加强对人和动物健康中耐药生物的监测和监控、抗菌药物管理计划、感染控制计划、新型抗菌药物的开发和批准、创新治疗方法的研究、快速诊断检测和新疫苗的开发，以及针对专业群体和公众的教育计划。
