Hussain Mehboob A, Akalestou Elina, Song Woo-Jin
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, CMSC 10-113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, CMSC 10-113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Diabetologia. 2016 Apr;59(4):659-67. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3862-7. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
The physiologically predominant signal for pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin is glucose. While circulating glucose levels and beta cell glucose metabolism regulate the amount of released insulin, additional signals emanating from other tissues and from neighbouring islet endocrine cells modulate beta cell function. To this end, each individual beta cell can be viewed as a sensor of a multitude of stimuli that are integrated to determine the extent of glucose-dependent insulin release. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of inter-organ communications that regulate beta cell insulin release in response to elevated glucose levels.
胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素的生理上主要的信号是葡萄糖。虽然循环葡萄糖水平和β细胞葡萄糖代谢调节胰岛素的释放量,但来自其他组织和邻近胰岛内分泌细胞的额外信号会调节β细胞功能。为此,每个单独的β细胞可被视为多种刺激的传感器,这些刺激被整合起来以确定葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素释放的程度。本综述讨论了我们在理解调节β细胞胰岛素释放以应对葡萄糖水平升高的器官间通讯方面的最新进展。