Li Tianxin, Cao Suzhen, Fan Delong, Zhang Yaqun, Wang Beibei, Zhao Xiuge, Leaderer Brian P, Shen Guofeng, Zhang Yawei, Duan Xiaoli
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
State key lab of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Apr 1;548-549:6-12. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.038. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Exposure to PM2.5 is a leading environmental risk factor for many diseases and premature deaths, arousing growing public concerns. In this study, indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were investigated during the heating and non-heating seasons in an urban area in northwest China. Personal inhalation exposure levels among different age groups were evaluated, and the difference attributable to different cooking fuels including coal, gas and electricity, was discussed. The average concentrations of PM2.5 in the kitchen and the bedroom were 125±51 and 119±64μg/m(3) during the heating season, and 80±67 and 80±50μg/m(3) during the non-heating season, respectively. Indoor PM2.5, from indoor combustion sources but also outdoor penetration, contributed to about 75% of the total PM2.5 exposure. Much higher indoor concentrations and inhalation exposure levels were found in households using coal for cooking compared to those using gas and electricity. Changing from coal to gas or electricity for cooking could result in a reduction of PM2.5 in the kitchen by 40-70% and consequently lower inhalation exposure levels, especially for children and women.
接触细颗粒物（PM2.5）是导致许多疾病和过早死亡的主要环境风险因素，引发了公众越来越多的关注。在本研究中，对中国西北部某城市地区供暖季和非供暖季的室内外PM2.5浓度进行了调查。评估了不同年龄组的个人吸入暴露水平，并讨论了使用煤炭、天然气和电力等不同烹饪燃料所导致的差异。供暖季厨房和卧室的PM2.5平均浓度分别为125±51和119±64μg/m³，非供暖季分别为80±67和80±50μg/m³。室内PM2.5不仅来源于室内燃烧源，也有室外渗透，约占PM2.5总暴露量的75%。与使用天然气和电力的家庭相比，使用煤炭做饭的家庭室内浓度和吸入暴露水平要高得多。将烹饪燃料从煤炭改为天然气或电力可使厨房中的PM2.5减少40%-70%，从而降低吸入暴露水平，尤其是对儿童和妇女而言。
