Aix-Marseille Université, IFSTTAR, LBA UMR_T24, F-13916 Marseille, France.
Ecole Universitaire de Maïeutique Marseille Méditerranée, F-13916 Marseille, France.
Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Apr;89:57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.01.003. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
This study proposed to broadly examine vehicle use by pregnant women in order to improve realism of accident simulations involving these particular occupants. Three research pathways were developed: the first consisted in a questionnaire survey examining the driving habits of 135 pregnant women, the second obtained measurements of 15 pregnant women driving position in their own vehicle from the 6th to the 9th month of pregnancy by measuring distances between body parts and vehicle parts, and the third examined car accidents involving pregnant occupants. Results obtained indicate that between 90% and 100% of pregnant women wore their seat belts whatever their stage of pregnancy, although nearly one third of subjects considered the seat belt was dangerous for their unborn child. The measurements obtained also showed that the position of the pregnant woman in her vehicle, in relation to the various elements of the passenger compartment, changed significantly during pregnancy. In the studied accidents, no correlation was found between the conditions of the accident and the resulting fetal injury. Results reveal that pregnant women do not modify significantly the seat setting as a function of pregnancy stage. Only the distance between maternal abdomen and steering wheel change significantly, from 16 cm to 12 cm at 6 and 9 month respectively. Pregnant women are mainly drivers before 8 months of pregnancy, passengers after that. Car use frequency falls down rapidly from 6 to 9 months of pregnancy. Real crashes investigations indicate a low rate of casualties, i.e. 342 car accidents involving pregnant women for a period of 9 years in an approximately 1.7 million inhabitants area. No specific injury was found as a function of stage of pregnancy.
本研究旨在广泛考察孕妇用车情况，以提高涉及这些特定乘员的事故模拟的现实性。为此开发了三条研究途径：第一条途径是通过问卷调查，调查了 135 名孕妇的驾驶习惯；第二条途径是在妊娠第 6 至 9 个月，通过测量身体部位和车辆部件之间的距离，获得了 15 名孕妇在自己车辆中的驾驶位置测量值；第三条途径是研究涉及孕妇乘员的汽车事故。研究结果表明，90%至 100%的孕妇在整个孕期都系安全带，尽管近三分之一的孕妇认为安全带对其胎儿有危险。测量结果还表明，孕妇在车内的位置相对于车内各个元素的位置在怀孕期间发生了显著变化。在所研究的事故中，事故条件与胎儿受伤之间没有相关性。结果表明，孕妇不会根据妊娠阶段显著改变座椅设置。只有母体腹部和方向盘之间的距离发生了显著变化，分别从 6 个月的 16 厘米和 9 个月的 12 厘米。孕妇在怀孕 8 个月前主要是司机，之后则是乘客。从 6 个月到 9 个月，用车频率迅速下降。对真实撞车事故的调查表明，伤亡率较低，即 9 年内约 170 万居民中发生了 342 起涉及孕妇的汽车事故。未发现与妊娠阶段相关的特定伤害。
