Thammachai Ajchamon, Suwannakul Boonsita, Sangkarit Noppharath, Hongsibsong Surat, Rohitrattana Juthasiri, Sapbamrer Ratana
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Toxics. 2024 Nov 27;12(12):855. doi: 10.3390/toxics12120855.
Evidence of the effects of postnatal exposure to organophosphates (OPs) on children's neurodevelopment remains limited but crucial. This cross-sectional study evaluated exposure to OPs and neurobehavioral performance in 172 preschool children. Urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, biomarkers for exposure to OPs, were measured. The neurobehavioral assessments included motor skills, memory, and cognitive function, measured using the Purdue pegboard test, digit span test, object memory test, and visual-motor integration. Multiple linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between urinary DAP metabolite levels and neurobehavioral performance, adjusting for potential confounders. Findings revealed that children of farming parents had higher urinary levels of dimethylphosphate (DMP) (Beta = 0.730, 95% CI = 0.138, 1.322, value = 0.016) and diethylphosphate (DEP) (Beta = 0.668, 95% CI = 0.044, 1.291, value = 0.036). Additionally, high fruit consumption correlated with increased urinary DEP levels (Beta = 0.398, 95% CI = 0.063, 0.733, value = 0.020). Critically, elevated urinary DEP was associated with poorer fine motor coordination, affecting performance in the Purdue pegboard test for the dominant hand (Beta = -0.428, 95% CI = -0.661, -0.194, value < 0.001), the preferred hand (Beta = -0.376, 95% CI = -0.603, -0.149, value = 0.001), and both hands (Beta = -0.524, 95% CI = -0.773, -0.276, value < 0.001). These findings highlight the role of parental occupation and diet in children's OP exposure and suggest that OP exposure negatively impacts fine motor coordination. Targeted interventions, such as promoting organic diets, enhancing workplace safety, and ongoing biomonitoring, are vital to reduce neurodevelopmental risks for vulnerable populations.
产后接触有机磷化合物（OPs）对儿童神经发育影响的证据仍然有限但至关重要。这项横断面研究评估了172名学龄前儿童接触OPs的情况及其神经行为表现。测量了尿中二烷基磷酸酯（DAP）代谢物，这是接触OPs的生物标志物。神经行为评估包括运动技能、记忆力和认知功能，分别使用普渡钉板测试、数字广度测试、物体记忆测试和视觉运动整合测试进行测量。采用多元线性回归模型来探索尿中DAP代谢物水平与神经行为表现之间的关联，并对潜在的混杂因素进行了调整。研究结果显示，父母为农民的儿童尿中磷酸二甲酯（DMP）水平较高（β = 0.730，95%置信区间 = 0.138，1.322，P值 = 0.016）以及磷酸二乙酯（DEP）水平较高（β = 0.668，95%置信区间 = 0.044，1.291，P值 = 0.036）。此外，高水果摄入量与尿中DEP水平升高相关（β = 0.398，95%置信区间 = 0.063，0.733，P值 = 0.020）。至关重要的是，尿中DEP升高与精细运动协调性较差有关，影响优势手在普渡钉板测试中的表现（β = -0.428，95%置信区间 = -0.661，-0.194，P值 < 0.001）、惯用手（β = -0.376，95%置信区间 = -0.603，-0.149，P值 = 0.001）以及双手（β = -0.524，95%置信区间 = -0.773，-0.276，P值 < 0.001）。这些发现凸显了父母职业和饮食在儿童接触OPs方面的作用，并表明接触OPs会对精细运动协调性产生负面影响。针对性的干预措施，如推广有机饮食、加强工作场所安全以及持续进行生物监测，对于降低弱势群体的神经发育风险至关重要。
