Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Alkotas u. 44, TF, Budapest, Hungary; Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Sep;98:187-196. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.024. Epub 2016 Jan 28.
Regular exercise has systemic beneficial effects, including the promotion of brain function. The adaptive response to regular exercise involves the up-regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and modulation of oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of cell signaling. Exercise, via intensity-dependent modulation of metabolism and/or directly activated ROS generating enzymes, regulates the cellular redox state of the brain. ROS are also involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal stem cells and the exercise-mediated neurogenesis could be partly associated with ROS production. Exercise has strong effects on the immune system and readily alters the production of cytokines. Certain cytokines, especially IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-18 and IFN gamma, are actively involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Cytokines can also contribute to ROS production. ROS-mediated alteration of lipids, protein, and DNA could directly affect brain function, while exercise modulates the accumulation of oxidative damage. Oxidative alteration of macromolecules can activate signaling processes, membrane remodeling, and gene transcription. The well known neuroprotective effects of exercise are partly due to redox-associated adaptation.
定期运动对全身有益，包括促进大脑功能。定期运动的适应反应涉及酶抗氧化系统的上调和氧化损伤的调节。活性氧（ROS）是细胞信号的重要调节剂。运动通过代谢的强度依赖性调节和/或直接激活 ROS 生成酶来调节大脑的细胞氧化还原状态。ROS 还参与神经元干细胞的自我更新和分化，运动介导的神经发生可能部分与 ROS 产生有关。运动对免疫系统有很强的影响，容易改变细胞因子的产生。某些细胞因子，特别是 IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α、IL-18 和 IFNγ，积极参与调节突触可塑性和神经发生。细胞因子也可以促进 ROS 的产生。ROS 介导的脂质、蛋白质和 DNA 的改变可以直接影响大脑功能，而运动则调节氧化损伤的积累。大分子的氧化改变可以激活信号转导过程、膜重塑和基因转录。运动的众所周知的神经保护作用部分归因于与氧化还原相关的适应。
