Song Fuqiang, Li Jize, Fan Xiaoxu, Zhang Quan, Chang Wei, Yang Fengshan, Geng Gui
Bio-ecological Restoration, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 74 Xuefu Road Heilongjiang 150080, China.
Department of Biology, Washington University at St Louis, Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive MO 63130, USA.
Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 2;6:20245. doi: 10.1038/srep20245.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) protect host plants against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, and promote biodegradation of various contaminants. In this study effect of Glomus mosseae/Medicago sativa mycorrhiza on atrazine degradation was investigated. It was observed that the atrazine degradation rates with any addition level in mycorrhizal treatments were all significantly higher than those in non-mycorrhizal treatments. When atrazine was applied at 20 mg kg(-1), the removal efficiency was up to 74.65%. Therefore, G. mosseae can be considered as ideal inhabitants of technical installations to facilitate phytoremediation. Furthermore, a total of 10.4 Gb was used for de novo transcriptome assembly, resulting in a comprehensive data set for the identification of genes corresponding to atrazine stress in the AM association. After comparative analysis with edgeR, a total of 2,060 differential expressed genes were identified, including 570 up-regulated genes and 1490 down-regulated genes. After excluding 'function unknown' and 'general function predictions only' genes, 172 up-regulated genes were obtained. The differentially expressed genes in AM association with and without atrazine stress were associated with molecular processes/other proteins, zinc finger protein, intracellular/extracellular enzymes, structural proteins, anti-stress/anti-disease protein, electron transport-related protein, and plant growth associated protein. Our results not only prove AMF has important ecological significance on atrazine degradation but also provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms of atrazine degradation by AMF.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）可保护宿主植物免受多种生物和非生物胁迫，并促进各种污染物的生物降解。本研究调查了摩西球囊霉/紫花苜蓿菌根对阿特拉津降解的影响。结果发现，菌根处理中任何添加水平下的阿特拉津降解率均显著高于非菌根处理。当阿特拉津施用量为20 mg kg(-1)时，去除效率高达74.65%。因此，摩西球囊霉可被视为技术设施中促进植物修复的理想微生物。此外，总共使用了10.4 Gb进行从头转录组组装，从而得到了一个全面的数据集，用于鉴定与AM共生体中阿特拉津胁迫相对应的基因。通过edgeR进行比较分析后，共鉴定出2060个差异表达基因，其中包括570个上调基因和1490个下调基因。在排除“功能未知”和“仅一般功能预测”的基因后，获得了172个上调基因。有和没有阿特拉津胁迫的AM共生体中的差异表达基因与分子过程/其他蛋白质、锌指蛋白、细胞内/外酶、结构蛋白、抗胁迫/抗病蛋白、电子传递相关蛋白和植物生长相关蛋白有关。我们的结果不仅证明了AMF对阿特拉津降解具有重要的生态意义，也为AMF降解阿特拉津的分子机制提供了证据。
