Sgro Marissa, Kodila Zoe N, Brady Rhys D, Reichelt Amy C, Mychaisuk Richelle, Yamakawa Glenn R
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Sleep. 2022 Mar 14;45(3). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab268.
The microbes that colonize the small and large intestines, known as the gut microbiome, play an integral role in optimal brain development and function. The gut microbiome is a vital component of the bidirectional communication pathway between the brain, immune system, and gut, also known as the brain-gut-immune axis. To date, there has been minimal investigation into the implications of improper development of the gut microbiome and the brain-gut-immune axis on the sleep-wake cycle, particularly during sensitive periods of physical and neurological development, such as childhood, adolescence, and senescence. Therefore, this review will explore the current literature surrounding the overlapping developmental periods of the gut microbiome, brain, and immune system from birth through to senescence, while highlighting how the brain-gut-immune axis affects the maturation and organization of the sleep-wake cycle. We also examine how a dysfunction to either the microbiome or the sleep-wake cycle negatively affects the bidirectional relationship between the brain and gut, and subsequently the overall health and functionality of this complex system. Additionally, this review integrates therapeutic studies to demonstrate when dietary manipulations, such as supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, can modulate the gut microbiome to enhance the health of the brain-gut-immune axis and optimize our sleep-wake cycle.
定殖于小肠和大肠的微生物群落，即肠道微生物群，在大脑的最佳发育和功能中发挥着不可或缺的作用。肠道微生物群是大脑、免疫系统和肠道之间双向通信通路的重要组成部分，该通路也被称为脑-肠-免疫轴。迄今为止，对于肠道微生物群和脑-肠-免疫轴发育不当对睡眠-觉醒周期的影响，尤其是在身体和神经发育的敏感时期，如童年、青春期和衰老期，几乎没有进行过研究。因此，本综述将探讨从出生到衰老期间肠道微生物群、大脑和免疫系统重叠发育阶段的现有文献，同时强调脑-肠-免疫轴如何影响睡眠-觉醒周期的成熟和组织。我们还研究了微生物群或睡眠-觉醒周期的功能障碍如何对大脑和肠道之间的双向关系产生负面影响，进而影响这个复杂系统的整体健康和功能。此外，本综述整合了治疗性研究，以证明何时进行饮食干预，如补充益生菌和益生元，可以调节肠道微生物群，增强脑-肠-免疫轴的健康，并优化我们的睡眠-觉醒周期。
