Xaverova Zuzana, Dirnberger Johannes, Lehnert Michal, Belka Jan, Wagner Herbert, Orechovska Karolina
Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Salzburg, Austria.
J Hum Kinet. 2015 Dec 30;49:257-66. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0128. eCollection 2015 Dec 22.
Systematic assessment of muscle strength of the lower extremities throughout the annual training cycle in athletes is crucial from a performance perspective for the optimization of the training process, as well as a health perspective with regard to injury prevention. The main aim of the present study was to determine isokinetic muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors in female handball players at the beginning of a preparatory period and to assess whether there were any differences between players of different performance levels. The performance level was expressed by means of membership of the Women's Junior National Handball Team (JNT, n=8) or the Women's National Handball Team (NT, n=9). The isokinetic peak torque during concentric and eccentric single-joint knee flexion and extension was measured at angular velocities of 60, 180, 240°/s (concentric) and 60°/s (eccentric). The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant differences in the peak torques or ipsilateral ratios between the two groups. The bilateral force deficit (BFD) for concentric extension at 240°/s was significantly higher in the JNT compared with the NT (p=0.04; d=1.02). However, the results of individual evaluation show that the BFD was more frequent in the NT in most measurements. A high BFD was evident in the eccentric mode in both groups highlighting a need for particular strengthening. With regard to low strength ratios a prevention programme should be suggested for both observed groups of professional female handball players to reduce the risk of injury.
从优化训练过程的表现角度以及预防损伤的健康角度来看，在整个年度训练周期中对运动员下肢肌肉力量进行系统评估至关重要。本研究的主要目的是确定女子手球运动员在准备期开始时膝关节屈伸肌的等速肌力，并评估不同表现水平的运动员之间是否存在差异。表现水平通过入选女子青年国家手球队（JNT，n = 8）或女子国家手球队（NT，n = 9）来表示。在60、180、240°/秒（向心）和60°/秒（离心）的角速度下测量单关节膝关节屈伸过程中的等速峰值扭矩。曼-惠特尼检验显示两组之间的峰值扭矩或同侧比率没有显著差异。JNT组在240°/秒向心伸展时的双侧力量 deficit（BFD）显著高于NT组（p = 0.04；d = 1.02）。然而，个体评估结果表明，在大多数测量中，NT组的BFD更为常见。两组在离心模式下均出现明显的高BFD，这突出表明需要特别加强训练。对于观察到的两组职业女子手球运动员，鉴于力量比率较低，应建议制定预防计划以降低受伤风险。 （注：原文中“bilateral force deficit”未明确中文术语，保留英文）
