Pilkington Paul, Powell Jane, Davis Adrian
Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Department of Health and Social Sciences, The University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
Strategic Transport Division, Bristol City Council, Brunel House, Bristol, BS1 5UY, UK.
Sports Med. 2016 Jul;46(7):997-1002. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0469-6.
The important role that the environment plays in health and well-being is widely accepted, as is the impact that the built and natural environment can have on levels of physical activity. As levels of physical activity are a key determinant of health, promoting physical activity through actions to improve the environment is a priority for public health action. The challenge for public health is to ensure that the way the environment is shaped and transformed by a range of professionals, organisations and agencies, maximises health gain in relation to health, including physical activity. This article discusses how the public health profession can and should contribute to generating and disseminating evidence to inform decision-making processes for designing environments to promote physical activity. There are significant challenges to building and applying the evidence base in this area. These include the complex environments in which interventions operate, disciplinary differences in approaches to evidence generation and use, and the fact that public health has little responsibility for environmental change. However, case studies of best practice, presented in the article, offer a snapshot of how challenges can be overcome, to build an accessible evidence base and help to improve the environment for the promotion of physical activity.
环境在健康和幸福中所起的重要作用已得到广泛认可，建成环境和自然环境对身体活动水平的影响也是如此。由于身体活动水平是健康的关键决定因素，通过改善环境的行动来促进身体活动是公共卫生行动的优先事项。公共卫生面临的挑战是确保一系列专业人员、组织和机构塑造和改造环境的方式，能最大限度地提高与健康相关的收益，包括身体活动。本文讨论了公共卫生专业如何以及应该如何为生成和传播证据做出贡献，以为设计促进身体活动的环境的决策过程提供信息。在这一领域建立和应用证据基础存在重大挑战。这些挑战包括干预措施实施的复杂环境、证据生成和使用方法上的学科差异，以及公共卫生对环境变化几乎没有责任这一事实。然而，本文中介绍的最佳实践案例研究，展示了如何克服这些挑战，以建立一个易于获取的证据基础，并有助于改善促进身体活动的环境。
