Paredes María Cecilia, Gómez Yenny Milena, Torres Ana Marcela, Fernández Marcela, Tovar María Belén
Área de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2015 Jul-Sep;35(3):314-24. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.v35i3.2398.
Infections by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the two most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections in the world. These infections affect principally less than 25-year-old individuals with sexual, reproductive and maternal and child health consequences.
This study sought to estimate the prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae among high school students in the 11 municipalities of the Sabana Central area of Cundinamarca, Colombia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 14 to 19-year old adolescents attending schools in the study area. After signing their consent, participants completed a questionnaire and provided a urine sample for the detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
In the sample of 972 sexually active adolescents, the prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae was 2.24% and 0.10%, respectively. No co-infections were detected. Overall, 21.4% of women who tested positive for C. trachomatis were asymptomatic. Significant relationships were found between C. trachomatis infection and female gender, the consumption of alcohol or other substances during the previous sexual relationship, having one or more partners and the presence of sexually transmitted infections.
The prevalence of C. trachomatis detected in this study was lower than the prevalence reported for similar groups; besides, contrary to the general trends, fewer asymptomatic cases were identified in this study. To prioritize preventive strategies in high-risk populations, an epidemiological surveillance system for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae should be implemented in Colombia, with screening performed using non-invasive molecular techniques.
沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌感染是全球两种最常见的细菌性性传播感染。这些感染主要影响25岁以下的人群，对性健康、生殖健康以及母婴健康都会产生影响。
本研究旨在估算哥伦比亚昆迪纳马卡省中部萨瓦纳地区11个市的高中生中沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的感染率。
对研究区域内14至19岁的在校青少年开展了一项横断面研究。参与者签署知情同意书后，完成一份问卷，并提供一份尿液样本，通过实时聚合酶链反应检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌。
在972名有性行为的青少年样本中，沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的感染率分别为2.24%和0.10%。未检测到合并感染。总体而言，沙眼衣原体检测呈阳性的女性中，21.4%无症状。沙眼衣原体感染与女性性别、上次性行为期间饮酒或使用其他物质、有一个或多个性伴侣以及存在性传播感染之间存在显著关联。
本研究中检测到的沙眼衣原体感染率低于类似群体报告的感染率；此外，与一般趋势相反，本研究中发现的无症状病例较少。为了确定高危人群的预防策略优先级，哥伦比亚应建立沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的流行病学监测系统，采用非侵入性分子技术进行筛查。
