Lu L, Xun P, Wan Y, He K, Cai W
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Apr;70(4):414-23. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.226. Epub 2016 Feb 10.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Data from small-scale, short-term, clinical trials suggest a beneficial effect of dairy consumption on the risk of childhood obesity; however, the long-term association is unclear. Therefore, we aim to examine the longitudinal association between dairy consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE through March 2015. Additional studies were retrieved via Google Scholar or a hand review of the reference lists from relevant articles. Pooled associations of interest were estimated by using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity for each pooled analysis was evaluated by I(2) statistic as well as by Cochran's Q test. Publication bias was assessed by using both Egger's and Begg's tests.
Ten studies comprising 46,011 children and adolescents with an average 3-year follow-up were included. As compared with those who were in the lowest group of dairy consumption, children in the highest intake group were 38% less likely to have childhood overweight/obesity (pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.80). With each 1 serving/day increment in dairy consumption, the percentage of body fat was reduced by 0.65% (β=0.65; 95% CI: -1.35, 0.06; P=0.07), and the risk of overweight/obesity was 13% lower (OR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.98).
Accumulated evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests that dairy consumption is inversely and longitudinally associated with the risk of childhood overweight/obesity. Further studies are warranted to examine the types of dairy products in relation to the risk of childhood overweight/obesity.
背景/目的：小规模、短期临床试验的数据表明，食用乳制品对儿童肥胖风险有有益影响；然而，长期关联尚不清楚。因此，我们旨在通过对前瞻性队列研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析，研究儿童和青少年食用乳制品与超重/肥胖风险之间的纵向关联。
受试者/方法：通过检索截至2015年3月的PubMed和EMBASE数据库，确定符合条件的研究。通过谷歌学术搜索或手动查阅相关文章的参考文献列表，获取其他研究。使用随机效应模型估计感兴趣的合并关联。通过I(2)统计量以及Cochrane Q检验评估每次合并分析的异质性。使用Egger检验和Begg检验评估发表偏倚。
纳入了10项研究，共46011名儿童和青少年，平均随访3年。与乳制品摄入量最低组的儿童相比，摄入量最高组的儿童患儿童期超重/肥胖的可能性低38%（合并比值比（OR）=0.62；95%置信区间（CI）：0.49，0.80）。乳制品摄入量每增加1份/天，体脂百分比降低0.65%（β=0.65；95%CI：-1.35，0.06；P=0.07），超重/肥胖风险降低13%（OR=0.87；95%CI：0.74，0.98）。
前瞻性队列研究的累积证据表明，食用乳制品与儿童超重/肥胖风险呈纵向负相关。有必要进一步研究与儿童超重/肥胖风险相关的乳制品类型。
