Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 11;16(16):2654. doi: 10.3390/nu16162654.
Due to their high nutritional value, milk and dairy products should be a permanent element of a properly balanced diet for children and adolescents. The study aimed to identify (i) the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption by children aged 10-12 years in the opinion of children and their parents and (ii) the determinants related to the consumption of these products (including lifestyle, nutrition knowledge, and the nutritional status of children's as well as parents' nutrition knowledge). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 12,643 primary school students aged 10-12 and 7363 parents. Dietary data were collected using the Food Frequency Consumption and Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren and KomPAN). Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratios (WHtR) were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to assess the likelihood of the frequent consumption of dairy products in the opinion of both the children and their parents, and the quality of the obtained models was assessed using model fit statistics and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The frequency of consuming milk and milk products (every day and more) was low in the opinion of children aged 10-12 years (29.6%). According to their parents, the frequency of the consumption of dairy products was slightly higher (44.8%). Six factors associated with the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption were identified independently. These included schoolchildren and their parents' nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep, gender, and place of residence. More of these products were consumed by children with greater nutrition knowledge-both their own and their parents'-higher physical activity, longer sleep duration, males, and those living in the city. Family eating habits, particularly eating meals together, also played an important role in the consumption of milk and dairy products. According to the parents, the children in older grades were less likely to consume dairy products more frequently. The obtained results suggest an insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products. The identification of modifiable factors, such as nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep duration, and eating meals with the family, suggests the need to improve the existing strategies, including activities encouraging nutritional education for both schoolchildren and their parents.
由于其高营养价值，牛奶和奶制品应成为儿童和青少年均衡饮食的永久组成部分。本研究旨在确定：(i) 10-12 岁儿童对牛奶和奶制品消费的看法及其父母的看法；(ii) 与这些产品消费相关的决定因素(包括生活方式、营养知识以及儿童和父母的营养状况)。采用横断面研究方法，对 12643 名 10-12 岁小学生和 7363 名家长进行了研究。饮食数据通过食物频率消耗和营养知识问卷(SF-FFQ4PolishChildren 和 KomPAN)收集。进行了人体测量学测量，并计算了体重指数(BMI)和腰高比(WHtR)。使用逻辑回归模型评估了儿童及其父母对乳制品的消费频率，使用模型拟合统计数据和 Hosmer 和 Lemeshow 检验来评估获得模型的质量。在 10-12 岁儿童的看法中，牛奶和奶制品的消费频率(每天及以上)较低(29.6%)。根据其父母的看法，乳制品的消费频率略高(44.8%)。确定了 6 个与牛奶和奶制品消费频率相关的独立因素。这些因素包括儿童及其父母的营养知识、身体活动、睡眠、性别和居住地。营养知识更多的儿童及其父母、更高的身体活动、更长的睡眠时间、男性和居住在城市的儿童食用更多这些产品。家庭饮食习惯，尤其是一起用餐，在牛奶和奶制品的消费中也起着重要作用。根据父母的说法，年级较高的孩子不太可能更频繁地食用乳制品。研究结果表明，牛奶和奶制品的摄入量不足。确定了可改变的因素，如营养知识、身体活动、睡眠时间和与家人一起用餐，这表明需要改进现有策略，包括鼓励儿童及其父母进行营养教育的活动。
