Lowder Matthew W, Ferreira Fernanda
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2016 Sep;42(9):1400-16. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000256. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
Two visual-world eye-tracking experiments investigated the role of prediction in the processing of repair disfluencies (e.g., "The chef reached for some salt uh I mean some ketchup . . ."). Experiment 1 showed that listeners were more likely to fixate a critical distractor item (e.g., pepper) during the processing of repair disfluencies compared with the processing of coordination structures (e.g., ". . . some salt and also some ketchup . . ."). Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1 for disfluency versus coordination constructions and also showed that the pattern of fixations to the critical distractor for disfluency constructions was similar to the fixation patterns for sentences employing contrastive focus (e.g., ". . . not some salt but rather some ketchup . . ."). The results suggest that similar mechanisms underlie the processing of repair disfluencies and contrastive focus, with listeners generating sets of entities that stand in semantic contrast to the reparandum in the case of disfluencies or the negated entity in the case of contrastive focus. (PsycINFO Database Record
两项视觉世界眼动追踪实验研究了预测在修复不流畅表达（例如，“厨师伸手去拿一些盐，呃，我是说一些番茄酱……”）加工过程中的作用。实验1表明，与处理并列结构（例如，“……一些盐还有一些番茄酱……”）相比，听众在处理修复不流畅表达时更有可能注视关键干扰项（例如，胡椒）。实验2重复了实验1关于不流畅表达与并列结构的研究结果，并且还表明，对于不流畅表达结构，对关键干扰项的注视模式与使用对比焦点的句子（例如，“……不是一些盐而是一些番茄酱……”）的注视模式相似。结果表明，修复不流畅表达和对比焦点的加工过程存在相似的机制，在不流畅表达的情况下，听众会生成与被修正项形成语义对比的实体集，在对比焦点的情况下，会生成与被否定实体形成语义对比的实体集。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
