Westbrook Andrew, Braver Todd S
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Neuron. 2016 Feb 17;89(4):695-710. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.029.
Cognitive control is subjectively costly, suggesting that engagement is modulated in relationship to incentive state. Dopamine appears to play key roles. In particular, dopamine may mediate cognitive effort by two broad classes of functions: (1) modulating the functional parameters of working memory circuits subserving effortful cognition, and (2) mediating value-learning and decision-making about effortful cognitive action. Here, we tie together these two lines of research, proposing how dopamine serves "double duty", translating incentive information into cognitive motivation.
认知控制在主观上是有代价的,这表明其参与度会根据激励状态进行调节。多巴胺似乎起着关键作用。具体而言,多巴胺可能通过两大类功能来介导认知努力:(1)调节支持费力认知的工作记忆回路的功能参数,以及(2)介导关于费力认知行动的价值学习和决策。在此,我们将这两条研究路线结合起来,提出多巴胺如何发挥“双重作用”,将激励信息转化为认知动机。