感觉“太胖”而不是“真的胖”会增加青少年的不健康饮食习惯——即使是男孩。
Feeling 'too fat' rather than being 'too fat' increases unhealthy eating habits among adolescents - even in boys.
机构信息
Medical Faculty, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Paediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;
Medical Faculty, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
出版信息
Food Nutr Res. 2016 Feb 16;60:29530. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29530. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND
Adolescence is a period of gender-specific physical changes, during which eating habits develop. To better understand what factors determine unhealthy eating habits such as dieting to lose weight, skipping meals, and consumption of unhealthy foods, we studied how physical measurements and body perception relate to eating habits in boys and girls, before and during adolescence.
METHODS
For this cross-sectional study, we obtained data from both written questionnaires and physical measurements of height, weight, and waist circumference (WC).
RESULTS
Dieting to lose weight and skipping breakfast were more common among adolescents than among younger boys and girls (p<0.05). The strongest risk factor for dieting in both boys and girls was perception of overweight, which persisted after adjusting for age and for being overweight (p<0.01). Another independent risk factor for dieting behaviour was overweight, as defined by body mass index (BMI) among boys (p<0.01) and WC among girls (p<0.05). In both boys and girls, skipping breakfast was associated with both a more negative body perception and higher BMI (p<0.05). Skipping breakfast was also associated with age- and gender-specific unhealthy eating habits such as skipping other meals, lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, and higher consumption of sweets and sugary drinks (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Body perception among adolescents is an important factor relating to unhealthy eating habits, not only in girls, but even in boys. Focus on body perception and eating breakfast daily is crucial for the development of healthy food consumption behaviours during adolescence and tracking into adulthood.
背景
青春期是性别特异性身体变化的时期，在此期间饮食习惯逐渐形成。为了更好地了解哪些因素决定了不健康的饮食习惯，如节食减肥、不吃早餐和食用不健康食品，我们研究了在青春期前后，身体测量和身体感知与男孩和女孩的饮食习惯之间的关系。
方法
本横断面研究通过书面问卷和身高、体重和腰围（WC）的身体测量获得数据。
结果
节食减肥和不吃早餐在青少年中比在年龄较小的男孩和女孩中更为常见（p<0.05）。超重的身体感知是男孩和女孩节食的最强风险因素，即使在调整了年龄和超重因素后，这种关系仍然存在（p<0.01）。对于节食行为的另一个独立风险因素是超重，这是通过男孩的体重指数（BMI）（p<0.01）和女孩的 WC 定义的（p<0.05）。在男孩和女孩中，不吃早餐与更负面的身体感知和更高的 BMI 相关（p<0.05）。不吃早餐还与年龄和性别特异性的不健康饮食习惯相关，如不吃其他餐食、水果和蔬菜摄入量较低以及甜食和含糖饮料摄入量较高（p<0.05）。
结论
青春期的身体感知是与不健康饮食习惯相关的一个重要因素，不仅在女孩中，甚至在男孩中也是如此。关注身体感知和每天吃早餐对于在青春期和成年期发展健康的食物消费行为至关重要。
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