Fuchs D, Katenkamp D, Prauser H, Zintl F, Hermann J
Kinderarztl Prax. 1989 Oct;57(10):489-95.
Actinomycosis is an infectious disease distributed all over the world. Males are affected three times more than females; the incidence of the disease is higher in adults than in children. The main causative agent is Actinomyces israelii, which can be found in the oropharynx of healthy persons. Therefore actinomycosis represents always an endogenous infection, often in connection with other bacteriae. The thoracic manifestation amounts to approximately 15 percent of all cases. The main clinical symptoms are pain, fever, cough, fatigue, and weight loss. The blood picture shows an increased number of white blood cells with a left shift in the differential white blood cell count. Furthermore, there is a strongly raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Radiographs demonstrate no typical patterns of pulmonary abnormalities. For the diagnosis there is a need of anaerobic cultures, in second line histological examination of tissue specimens. Differential diagnosis of actinomycosis includes chronic pneumonias caused by other rare germs and neoplasms. After early onset antibiotic long term treatment a good prognosis may be expected. Penicillin represents the antibiotic of first choice.
放线菌病是一种遍布全球的传染病。男性受影响的几率是女性的三倍；成人的发病率高于儿童。主要病原体是以色列放线菌，可在健康人的口咽部发现。因此，放线菌病始终是一种内源性感染，常与其他细菌有关。胸部表现约占所有病例的15%。主要临床症状为疼痛、发热、咳嗽、疲劳和体重减轻。血常规显示白细胞数量增加，白细胞分类计数左移。此外，红细胞沉降率大幅升高。X线片未显示肺部异常的典型模式。诊断需要进行厌氧培养，二线检查为组织标本的组织学检查。放线菌病的鉴别诊断包括由其他罕见病原体引起的慢性肺炎和肿瘤。早期开始长期抗生素治疗后，有望获得良好预后。青霉素是首选抗生素。
