Nissanka-Jayasuriya Eranga H, Odell Edward W, Phillips Carina
Head and Neck / Oral Pathology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, Floor 4 Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
Wellcome Museum of Anatomy and Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 35-43 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PE, UK.
Head Neck Pathol. 2016 Sep;10(3):327-31. doi: 10.1007/s12105-016-0703-z. Epub 2016 Feb 20.
Syphilis was the first sexually transmitted disease to be diagnosed in childhood. Most developed countries controlled syphilis effectively after the 1950s and congenital syphilis became rare. Since the late 1990s there has been a resurgence of syphilis in developed and developing countries and the WHO estimates that at least half a million infants die of congenital syphilis every year. The earliest reference to the dental manifestations of congenital syphilis was by Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, Assistant Surgeon at The London Hospital in 1861. Three main dental defects are described in congenital syphilis; Hutchinson's incisors, Moon's molars or bud molars, and Fournier's molars or mulberry molars. Although many physicians, dentists, and pathologists in developed countries will be aware of the dental features of syphilis, most will never have seen a case or made the diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to review some of the history of congenital syphilis, remind healthcare professionals of the features, and bring to their attention that the changes are still prevalent and that milder cases can be mistaken for other causes of hypoplasia.
梅毒是最早在儿童期被诊断出的性传播疾病。20世纪50年代后，大多数发达国家有效控制了梅毒，先天性梅毒变得罕见。自20世纪90年代末以来，发达国家和发展中国家梅毒发病率均有所回升，世界卫生组织估计每年至少有50万婴儿死于先天性梅毒。最早提及先天性梅毒牙齿表现的是1861年伦敦医院助理外科医生乔纳森·哈钦森爵士。先天性梅毒有三种主要的牙齿缺陷；哈钦森切牙、穆恩磨牙或蕾状磨牙以及富尼耶磨牙或桑葚状磨牙。尽管发达国家的许多内科医生、牙医和病理学家都知道梅毒的牙齿特征，但大多数人从未见过病例或做出诊断。本文的目的是回顾先天性梅毒的一些历史，提醒医疗保健专业人员注意这些特征，并让他们注意到这些变化仍然普遍存在，较轻的病例可能会被误诊为其他发育不全的原因。
