Kinkorová Judita
Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Edvarda Benese 1128/13, 305 99 Plzen, Czech Republic ; Medical Faculty Charles University in Pilsen, Lidicka 1, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic.
EPMA J. 2016 Feb 22;7(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13167-016-0053-7. eCollection 2015.
Biobanks are an important compound of personalized medicine and strongly support the scientific progress in stratification of population and biomarker discovery and validation due to progress in personalized medicine. Biobanks are an essential tool for new drug discoveries and drug development. Biobanks play an important role in the whole process of patient prevention and prediction, follow-up, and therapy monitoring and optimalization. Biobanks have the specificity in that they cover multidisciplinary approach to the human health combining biological and medical approaches, as well as informative bioinformatics technologies, computationing, and modeling. The importance of biobanks has during the last decade increased in variety and capacity from small collections of samples to large-scale national or international repositories. Collected samples are population-based, disease-specific or rare diseases originating from a diverse profile of individuals. There are various purposes of biobanks, such as diagnostics, pharmacology, or research. Biobanks involve, store, and operate with specific personal information, and as a consequence, such a diversity of biobanking is associated with a broad spectrum of ethical and legal issues. Biobanks are an international phenomenon because any single country, state, or society at the moment is not able to cover all issues involving the whole biobank problematic. Biobanks have an enormous innovative potential in the whole process of biomedical research in the twenty-first century.
生物样本库是个性化医疗的重要组成部分，由于个性化医疗的发展，有力地支持了人群分层以及生物标志物发现与验证方面的科学进展。生物样本库是新药研发和药物开发的重要工具。生物样本库在患者预防、预测、随访以及治疗监测与优化的全过程中发挥着重要作用。生物样本库具有特殊性，因为它们涵盖了结合生物学和医学方法以及信息丰富的生物信息学技术、计算和建模的多学科人类健康研究方法。在过去十年中，生物样本库的重要性在种类和容量上都有所增加，从少量样本收集发展到大规模的国家或国际储存库。收集的样本以人群为基础，包括特定疾病或罕见疾病的样本，来源广泛。生物样本库有多种用途，如诊断、药理学或研究。生物样本库涉及、存储并处理特定的个人信息，因此，这种多样的生物样本库与广泛的伦理和法律问题相关联。生物样本库是一种国际现象，因为目前任何一个国家、州或社会都无法涵盖涉及整个生物样本库问题的所有方面。在21世纪的生物医学研究全过程中，生物样本库具有巨大的创新潜力。
