Kinkorová Judita, Topolčan Ondřej
Department of Immunochemistry, University Hospital Pilsen, Edvarda Benese 1128/13, 305 99 Pilsen, CZ Czech Republic.
EPMA J. 2018 Nov 23;9(4):345-353. doi: 10.1007/s13167-018-0153-7. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Biobanks have during last two decades gained an important role in the whole process of biomedical research and health care not only in Europe but also worldwide. Biobanks are one of the pillars in personalised medicine tackling all its aspects such as prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring closely the specific characteristics of an individual patient. The current and future power of biobanks is the amount of samples of high-quality and related information available for current and future research of diseases, for optimising patients´ prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. The material stored in biobanks is a treasure for future technologies that will be able to utilise the currently uncovered information and knowledge. A great and growing number of samples and related information also opens new ways in how to tackle the big data problems and population studies. Biobanks play a substantial role in drug discovery, development and validation. Biobanks are not only an issue of biomedical research, but are becoming a public issue involving patients, to actively participate in biobanking with respect to ethical, legal and social issues. And, finally, biobanking as a multidisciplinary and modern field of science requires appropriate education at all levels of society. To be a world leader in the field of biobanking requires wide international and interdisciplinary collaboration. The topic-dedicated programmes released by the European Commission sustainably support biobank development in Europe and the main tool is the biggest European Union (EU) research and innovation programme ever-Horizon 2020. This article reviews the main Horizon 2020 biobanking projects, financing schemes and the future perspectives.
在过去二十年里，生物样本库不仅在欧洲，而且在全球范围内，在生物医学研究和医疗保健的整个过程中都发挥了重要作用。生物样本库是个性化医疗的支柱之一，涉及预防、诊断、治疗和监测等各个方面，紧密关注个体患者的具体特征。生物样本库当前和未来的力量在于其拥有的高质量样本数量以及可供当前和未来疾病研究使用的相关信息，这些信息有助于优化患者的预防、诊断、治疗和监测。存储在生物样本库中的材料对于未来能够利用当前尚未发现的信息和知识的技术来说是一笔财富。大量且不断增加的样本和相关信息也为解决大数据问题和开展人群研究开辟了新途径。生物样本库在药物发现、开发和验证中发挥着重要作用。生物样本库不仅是生物医学研究的问题，而且正成为一个涉及患者的公共问题，患者需要在伦理、法律和社会问题方面积极参与生物样本库建设。最后，生物样本库作为一个多学科的现代科学领域，需要在社会各层面进行适当的教育。要在生物样本库领域成为世界领先者，需要广泛的国际和跨学科合作。欧盟委员会发布的专题项目持续支持欧洲生物样本库的发展，主要工具是有史以来最大的欧盟研究与创新计划——“地平线2020”。本文回顾了“地平线2020”的主要生物样本库项目、融资计划以及未来展望。
