机构动物护理和使用委员会对在研究与教育中使用野生动物的考量

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Considerations for the Use of Wildlife in Research and Education.

作者信息

Sikes Robert S, Bryan John A

机构信息

Robert Sikes, PhD, is Director of the Basic Animal Services Unit and Professor of Biology at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Arkansas, and Chair of the Animal Care Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists. John Bryan, DVM, is a public service assistant and wildlife veterinarian at the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia. He is also a member of the American Society of Mammalogists Animal Care Committee.

出版信息

ILAR J. 2016;56(3):335-41. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilv071.

DOI:10.1093/ilar/ilv071

PMID:26912719

Abstract

Ethical and effective oversight of the use of wildlife species in research and education requires consideration of issues and methods not relevant to work with traditional laboratory or domesticated animals, just as the effective oversight of biomedical research requires consideration of issues and methods not germane to wildlife research. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees or other institutional review committees can meet their responsibilities in these disparate types of animal activities only by using resources tailored to the animals and situations encountered. Here we review the issues and the resources that facilitate effective oversight of such activities in the wildlife research arena available to researchers, institutional review committees, regulatory bodies, and accrediting bodies. Issues covered include an understanding of the fundamental differences between wildlife research and biomedical research; the profound differences between wildlife species and traditional laboratory subjects, most of which are domesticated animals; and the unique issues presented when the research subjects are members of wild populations and communities. We review the resources available for effective oversight of wildlife projects and emphasize that competent oversight of wildlife research demands the use of appropriate resources. These resources include guidelines designed for the use of wild species (taxon-specific guidelines) and protocol forms tailored for the species and situations encountered.

摘要

对野生动物物种在研究和教育中的使用进行伦理和有效的监督，需要考虑一些与传统实验室动物或家养动物研究不相关的问题和方法，正如对生物医学研究的有效监督需要考虑一些与野生动物研究无关的问题和方法一样。机构动物护理和使用委员会或其他机构审查委员会只有通过使用针对所遇到的动物和情况量身定制的资源，才能履行其在这些不同类型动物活动中的职责。在此，我们回顾了有助于对野生动物研究领域此类活动进行有效监督的问题和资源，这些资源可供研究人员、机构审查委员会、监管机构和认证机构使用。涵盖的问题包括理解野生动物研究与生物医学研究之间的根本差异；野生动物物种与传统实验室研究对象（其中大多数是家养动物）之间的巨大差异；以及当研究对象是野生种群和群落成员时出现的独特问题。我们回顾了可用于有效监督野生动物项目的资源，并强调对野生动物研究进行有效监督需要使用适当的资源。这些资源包括为野生动物物种使用而设计的指南（特定分类群指南）以及针对所遇到的物种和情况量身定制的方案表格。