Lindsjö Johan, Cvek Katarina, Spangenberg Elin M F, Olsson Johan N G, Stéen Margareta
Swedish Centre for Animal Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Front Vet Sci. 2019 Feb 5;6:13. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00013. eCollection 2019.
Wild animals are used for research and management purposes in Sweden and throughout the world. Animals are often subjected to similar procedures and risks of compromised welfare from capture, anesthesia, handling, sampling, marking, and sometimes selective removal. The interpretation of the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in Sweden is based on the EU Directive 2010/63/EU. The purpose of animal use, irrespective if the animal is suffering or not, decides the classification as a research animal, according to Swedish legislation. In Sweden, like in several other European countries, the legislation differs between research and management. Whereas, animal research is generally well-defined and covered in the legislation, wildlife management is not. The protection of wild animals differs depending on the procedure they are subjected to, and how they are classified. In contrast to wildlife management activities, research projects have to implement the 3Rs and must undergo ethical reviews and official animal welfare controls. It is often difficult to define the dividing line between the two categories, e.g., when marking for identification purposes. This gray area creates uncertainty and problems beyond animal welfare, e.g., in Sweden, information that has been collected during management without ethical approval should not be published. The legislation therefore needs to be harmonized. To ensure consistent ethical and welfare assessments for wild animals at the hands of humans, and for the benefit of science and management, we suggest that both research and management procedures are assessed by one single Animal Ethics Committee with expertise in the 3Rs, animal welfare, wildlife population health and One Health. We emphasize the need for increased and improved official animal welfare control, facilitated by compatible legislation and a similar ethical authorization process for all wild animal procedures.
在瑞典乃至全世界，野生动物都被用于研究和管理目的。动物常常会因捕获、麻醉、处理、采样、标记，有时还包括选择性移除而遭受类似的程序和福利受损风险。瑞典对用于科学目的的动物保护的解释基于欧盟指令2010/63/EU。根据瑞典法律，动物使用的目的，无论动物是否遭受痛苦，决定了其作为研究动物的分类。在瑞典，与其他几个欧洲国家一样，研究和管理方面的立法有所不同。虽然动物研究在立法中通常有明确界定和涵盖，但野生动物管理却并非如此。野生动物的保护因它们所经受的程序以及分类方式而有所不同。与野生动物管理活动不同，研究项目必须实施3R原则，并且必须接受伦理审查和官方动物福利监管。通常很难界定这两类之间的分界线，例如，在为识别目的进行标记时。这个灰色地带除了动物福利问题之外还会产生不确定性和问题，例如在瑞典，未经伦理批准在管理过程中收集的信息不应被公布。因此，立法需要统一。为了确保人类对野生动物进行一致的伦理和福利评估，并造福于科学和管理，我们建议研究和管理程序都由一个单一的动物伦理委员会进行评估，该委员会在3R原则、动物福利、野生动物种群健康和“同一健康”方面具有专业知识。我们强调需要加强和改进官方动物福利监管，这需要兼容的立法以及对所有野生动物程序采用类似的伦理授权程序来推动。
