Filippi Courtney A, Woodward Amanda L
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA.
Front Psychol. 2016 Feb 15;7:19. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00019. eCollection 2016.
The current study used remote corneal reflection eye-tracking to examine the relationship between motor experience and action anticipation in 13-months-old infants. To measure online anticipation of actions infants watched videos where the actor's hand provided kinematic information (in its orientation) about the type of object that the actor was going to reach for. The actor's hand orientation either matched the orientation of a rod (congruent cue) or did not match the orientation of the rod (incongruent cue). To examine relations between motor experience and action anticipation, we used a 2 (reach first vs. observe first) × 2 (congruent kinematic cue vs. incongruent kinematic cue) between-subjects design. We show that 13-months-old infants in the observe first condition spontaneously generate rapid online visual predictions to congruent hand orientation cues and do not visually anticipate when presented incongruent cues. We further demonstrate that the speed that these infants generate predictions to congruent motor cues is correlated with their own ability to pre-shape their hands. Finally, we demonstrate that following reaching experience, infants generate rapid predictions to both congruent and incongruent hand shape cues-suggesting that short-term experience changes attention to kinematics.
当前的研究使用远程角膜反射眼动追踪技术，来检验13个月大婴儿的运动经验与动作预期之间的关系。为了测量婴儿对动作的在线预期，他们观看了视频，在视频中演员的手提供了关于演员将要伸手去拿的物体类型的运动学信息（在其方向上）。演员的手的方向要么与一根杆子的方向匹配（一致线索），要么与杆子的方向不匹配（不一致线索）。为了检验运动经验与动作预期之间的关系，我们采用了一种2（先伸手与先观察）×2（一致运动线索与不一致运动线索）的被试间设计。我们发现，在先观察条件下的13个月大婴儿会自发地对一致的手部方向线索产生快速的在线视觉预测，而在呈现不一致线索时则不会产生视觉预期。我们进一步证明，这些婴儿对一致运动线索产生预测的速度与他们自己预先塑造手部的能力相关。最后，我们证明，在有伸手经验之后，婴儿会对一致和不一致的手部形状线索都产生快速预测——这表明短期经验会改变对运动学的注意力。
