DePaul University, Chicago, IL.
University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA.
Autism Res. 2018 Jun;11(6):870-882. doi: 10.1002/aur.1936. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
This study examined the predictive reasoning abilities of typically developing (TD) infants and 2-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an eye-tracking paradigm. Participants watched a video of a goal-directed action in which a human actor reached for and grasped one of two objects. At test, the objects switched locations. Across these events, we measured: visual anticipation of the action outcome with kinematic cues (i.e., a completed reaching behavior); goal prediction of the action outcome without kinematic cues (i.e., an incomplete reach); and latencies to generate predictions across these two tasks. Results revealed similarities in action anticipation across groups when trajectory information regarding the intended goal was present; however, when predicting the goal without kinematic cues, developmental and diagnostic differences became evident. Younger TD children generated goal-based visual predictions, whereas older TD children were not systematic in their visual predictions. In contrast to both TD groups, children with ASD generated location-based predictions, suggesting that their visual predictions may reflect visuomotor perseveration. Together, these results suggest differences in early predictive reasoning abilities. Autism Res 2018, 11: 870-882. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The current study examines the ability to generate visual predictions regarding other people's goal-directed actions, specifically reaching and grasping an object, in infants and children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Results showed no differences in abilities when movement information about a person's goal was evident; however, differences were evident across age and clinical diagnoses when relying on previous knowledge to generate a visual prediction.
本研究使用眼动追踪范式，考察了正常发育（TD）婴儿和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童 2 岁儿童的预测推理能力。参与者观看了一段目标导向动作的视频，视频中一个人类演员伸手去抓两个物体中的一个。在测试中，物体的位置发生了变化。在这些事件中，我们测量了：具有运动学线索的动作结果的视觉预期（即完成的伸手行为）；没有运动学线索的动作结果的目标预测（即未完成的伸手）；以及在这两个任务中生成预测的潜伏期。结果表明，当存在有关目标的轨迹信息时，两组在动作预期方面存在相似性；但是，当在没有运动学线索的情况下预测目标时，就会出现发育和诊断差异。年幼的 TD 儿童产生基于目标的视觉预测，而年长的 TD 儿童的视觉预测则没有系统。与 TD 组相比，ASD 儿童产生基于位置的预测，这表明他们的视觉预测可能反映了视觉运动的持续。这些结果表明，早期预测推理能力存在差异。自闭症研究 2018，11：870-882。©2018 自闭症国际研究协会，Wiley 期刊，公司。
本研究考察了在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童和正常发育（TD）婴儿和儿童中，生成有关他人目标导向动作（即伸手抓物）的视觉预测的能力。当有关于目标的运动信息时，没有发现能力上的差异；但是，当依赖先前的知识来生成视觉预测时，在年龄和临床诊断方面存在差异。
