Bertolini Giovanni, Straumann Dominik
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.
Front Neurol. 2016 Feb 15;7:14. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00014. eCollection 2016.
Motion sickness is a common disturbance occurring in healthy people as a physiological response to exposure to motion stimuli that are unexpected on the basis of previous experience. The motion can be either real, and therefore perceived by the vestibular system, or illusory, as in the case of visual illusion. A multitude of studies has been performed in the last decades, substantiating different nauseogenic stimuli, studying their specific characteristics, proposing unifying theories, and testing possible countermeasures. Several reviews focused on one of these aspects; however, the link between specific nauseogenic stimuli and the unifying theories and models is often not clearly detailed. Readers unfamiliar with the topic, but studying a condition that may involve motion sickness, can therefore have difficulties to understand why a specific stimulus will induce motion sickness. So far, this general audience struggles to take advantage of the solid basis provided by existing theories and models. This review focuses on vestibular-only motion sickness, listing the relevant motion stimuli, clarifying the sensory signals involved, and framing them in the context of the current theories.
晕动病是健康人常见的一种不适，是对基于以往经验无法预期的运动刺激产生的生理反应。这种运动可以是真实的，从而被前庭系统感知到，也可以是虚幻的，比如视觉错觉的情况。在过去几十年里进行了大量研究，证实了不同的致呕刺激，研究了它们的具体特征，提出了统一的理论，并测试了可能的应对措施。有几篇综述聚焦于这些方面中的某一个；然而，特定致呕刺激与统一理论和模型之间的联系往往没有清晰详细地阐述。不熟悉该主题但研究可能涉及晕动病情况的读者，因此可能难以理解为什么特定刺激会引发晕动病。到目前为止，普通读者难以利用现有理论和模型提供的坚实基础。本综述聚焦于仅由前庭引起的晕动病，列出相关的运动刺激，阐明所涉及的感觉信号，并将它们置于当前理论的背景下进行阐述。
