核酸修饰在基因表达调控中的作用。
Nucleic Acid Modifications in Regulation of Gene Expression.
机构信息
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
出版信息
Cell Chem Biol. 2016 Jan 21;23(1):74-85. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.11.007.
Nucleic acids carry a wide range of different chemical modifications. In contrast to previous views that these modifications are static and only play fine-tuning functions, recent research advances paint a much more dynamic picture. Nucleic acids carry diverse modifications and employ these chemical marks to exert essential or critical influences in a variety of cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. This review covers several nucleic acid modifications that play important regulatory roles in biological systems, especially in regulation of gene expression: 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidative derivatives, and N(6)-methyladenine (6mA) in DNA; N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A), pseudouridine (Ψ), and 5-methylcytidine (m(5)C) in mRNA and long non-coding RNA. Modifications in other non-coding RNAs, such as tRNA, miRNA, and snRNA, are also briefly summarized. We provide brief historical perspective of the field, and highlight recent progress in identifying diverse nucleic acid modifications and exploring their functions in different organisms. Overall, we believe that work in this field will yield additional layers of both chemical and biological complexity as we continue to uncover functional consequences of known nucleic acid modifications and discover new ones.
核酸携带多种不同的化学修饰。与之前认为这些修饰是静态的，仅起微调作用的观点相反，最近的研究进展描绘出了一幅更加动态的画面。核酸携带多种修饰，并利用这些化学标记在真核生物的各种细胞过程中发挥重要或关键影响。本综述涵盖了在生物系统中发挥重要调节作用的几种核酸修饰，特别是在基因表达调控方面：DNA 中的 5-甲基胞嘧啶（5mC）及其氧化衍生物，以及 N（6）-甲基腺嘌呤（6mA）；mRNA 和长非编码 RNA 中的 N（6）-甲基腺苷（m（6）A）、假尿嘧啶（Ψ）和 5-甲基胞嘧啶（m（5）C）。其他非编码 RNA，如 tRNA、miRNA 和 snRNA 中的修饰也简要概述。我们提供了该领域的简要历史背景，并强调了最近在鉴定多种核酸修饰及其在不同生物体中的功能方面的进展。总的来说，我们相信随着我们继续发现已知核酸修饰的功能后果并发现新的核酸修饰，该领域的工作将产生更多的化学和生物学复杂性。
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