Ridlon Jason M, Harris Spencer C, Bhowmik Shiva, Kang Dae-Joong, Hylemon Phillip B
a Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.
b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA.
Gut Microbes. 2016;7(1):22-39. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1127483.
Emerging evidence strongly suggest that the human "microbiome" plays an important role in both health and disease. Bile acids function both as detergents molecules promoting nutrient absorption in the intestines and as hormones regulating nutrient metabolism. Bile acids regulate metabolism via activation of specific nuclear receptors (NR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The circulating bile acid pool composition consists of primary bile acids produced from cholesterol in the liver, and secondary bile acids formed by specific gut bacteria. The various biotransformation of bile acids carried out by gut bacteria appear to regulate the structure of the gut microbiome and host physiology. Increased levels of secondary bile acids are associated with specific diseases of the GI system. Elucidating methods to control the gut microbiome and bile acid pool composition in humans may lead to a reduction in some of the major diseases of the liver, gall bladder and colon.
新出现的证据有力地表明，人类“微生物群”在健康和疾病中都起着重要作用。胆汁酸既作为促进肠道营养吸收的洗涤剂分子，又作为调节营养代谢的激素发挥作用。胆汁酸通过激活特定的核受体（NR）和G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）来调节代谢。循环胆汁酸池的组成包括肝脏中由胆固醇产生的初级胆汁酸，以及由特定肠道细菌形成的次级胆汁酸。肠道细菌对胆汁酸进行的各种生物转化似乎调节着肠道微生物群的结构和宿主生理。次级胆汁酸水平升高与胃肠道系统的特定疾病有关。阐明控制人类肠道微生物群和胆汁酸池组成的方法可能会减少一些肝脏、胆囊和结肠的主要疾病。
