Tegou Evangelia, Magana Maria, Katsogridaki Alexandra Eleni, Ioannidis Anastasios, Raptis Vasilios, Jordan Sheldon, Chatzipanagiotou Stylianos, Chatzandroulis Stavros, Ornelas Catia, Tegos George P
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Athens, Greece.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Biomaterials. 2016 May;89:38-55. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.030. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Microbial multidrug resistance poses serious risks in returning the human species into the pre-antibiotic era if it remains unsolved. While conventional research approaches to combat infectious diseases have been inadequate, nanomaterials are a promising alternative for the development of sound antimicrobial countermeasures. Graphene, a two-dimensional ultra-thin nanomaterial, possesses excellent electronic and biocompatibility properties, which position it in the biotechnology forefront for diverse applications in biosensing, therapeutics, diagnostics, drug delivery and device development. Yet, several questions remain unanswered. For instance, the way these nanosurfaces interact with the microbial entities is poorly understood. The mechanistic elucidation of this interface seems critical to determine the feasibility of applications under development. Are graphene derivatives appropriate materials to design potent antimicrobial agents, vehicles or effective diagnostic microsensors? Has the partition of major microbial resistance phenotypic determinants been sufficiently investigated? Can toxicity become a limiting factor? Are we getting closer to clinical implementation? To facilitate research conducive to answer such questions, this review describes the features of the graphene-bacterial interaction. An overview on paradigms of graphene-microbial interactions is expected to shed light on the range of materials available, and identify possible applications, serving the ultimate goal to develop deeper understanding and collective conscience for the true capabilities of this nanomaterial platform.
如果微生物的多重耐药性问题得不到解决，将人类带回抗生素前时代会带来严重风险。虽然传统的对抗传染病的研究方法并不充分，但纳米材料是开发有效的抗菌对策的一个有前途的选择。石墨烯是一种二维超薄纳米材料，具有优异的电子和生物相容性，使其处于生物技术前沿，可用于生物传感、治疗、诊断、药物递送和设备开发等多种应用。然而，仍有几个问题未得到解答。例如，这些纳米表面与微生物实体相互作用的方式还知之甚少。对这种界面的机制阐释对于确定正在开发的应用的可行性似乎至关重要。石墨烯衍生物是否是设计强效抗菌剂、载体或有效的诊断微传感器的合适材料？主要微生物耐药表型决定因素的分配是否已得到充分研究？毒性会成为限制因素吗？我们离临床应用更近了吗？为了促进有助于回答此类问题的研究，本综述描述了石墨烯与细菌相互作用的特征。对石墨烯与微生物相互作用范式的概述有望阐明可用材料的范围，并确定可能的应用，服务于最终目标，即更深入地理解和共同认识这个纳米材料平台的真正能力。
