Huff Mark J, Weinsheimer Camille C, Bodner Glen E
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Appl Cogn Psychol. 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):61-69. doi: 10.1002/acp.3167. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
Initial retrieval of an event can reduce people's susceptibility to misinformation. We explored whether protective effects of initial testing could be obtained on final free recall and source-monitoring tests. After studying six household scenes (e.g., a bathroom), participants attempted to recall items from the scenes zero, one, or two times. Immediately or after a 48-hour delay, non-presented items (e.g., soap and toothbrush) were exposed zero, one, or four times through a social contagion manipulation in which participants reviewed sets of recall tests ostensibly provided by other participants. A protective effect of testing emerged on a final free recall test following the delay and on a final source-memory test regardless of delay. Taking two initial tests did not increase these protective effects. Determining whether initial testing will have protective (versus harmful) effects on memory has important practical implications for interviewing eyewitnesses.
对某一事件的初次检索可以降低人们受错误信息影响的可能性。我们探究了初次测试对最终自由回忆和源监测测试是否具有保护作用。在研究了六个家庭场景（如浴室）后，参与者尝试对场景中的物品进行零次、一次或两次回忆。在立即进行或延迟48小时后，通过一种社会传染操纵方式，将未呈现的物品（如肥皂和牙刷）零次、一次或四次呈现给参与者，在这种操纵中，参与者会查看表面上由其他参与者提供的回忆测试集。延迟后的最终自由回忆测试以及无论是否延迟的最终源记忆测试中，均出现了测试的保护作用。进行两次初次测试并未增强这些保护作用。确定初次测试对记忆是否具有保护（而非有害）作用，对于询问目击证人具有重要的实际意义。
