Canevelli Marco, Lucchini Flaminia, Quarata Federica, Bruno Giuseppe, Cesari Matteo
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University, Rome 00185, Italy.
Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse 31062, France.
Nutrients. 2016 Mar 4;8(3):144. doi: 10.3390/nu8030144.
In recent years, the possibility of favorably influencing the cognitive trajectory through promotion of lifestyle modifications has been increasingly investigated. In particular, the relationship between nutritional habits and cognitive health has attracted special attention. The present review is designed to retrieve and discuss recent evidence (published over the last 3 years) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of nutritional interventions aimed at improving cognitive functioning and/or preventing cognitive decline in non-demented older individuals. A systematic review of literature was conducted, leading to the identification of 11 studies of interest. Overall, most of the nutritional interventions tested by the selected RCTs were found to produce statistically significant cognitive benefits (defined as improved neuropsychological test scores). Nevertheless, the clinical meaningfulness of such findings was not adequately discussed and appears controversial. In parallel, only 2 studies investigated between-group differences concerning incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment cases, reporting conflicting results. Results of the present review suggest that several dietary patterns and nutritional components may constitute promising strategies in postponing, slowing, and preventing cognitive decline. However, supporting evidence is overall weak and further studies are needed.
近年来，通过促进生活方式改变来积极影响认知轨迹的可能性受到了越来越多的研究。特别是，营养习惯与认知健康之间的关系引起了特别关注。本综述旨在检索和讨论最近（过去3年发表）来自随机对照试验（RCT）的证据，这些试验研究了旨在改善认知功能和/或预防非痴呆老年人认知衰退的营养干预措施的疗效。进行了一项系统的文献综述，确定了11项相关研究。总体而言，所选RCT测试的大多数营养干预措施都被发现产生了具有统计学意义的认知益处（定义为神经心理学测试分数提高）。然而，这些发现的临床意义并未得到充分讨论，且似乎存在争议。同时，只有2项研究调查了组间在新发痴呆和轻度认知障碍病例方面的差异，报告结果相互矛盾。本综述结果表明，几种饮食模式和营养成分可能是延缓、减缓及预防认知衰退的有前景的策略。然而，总体支持证据薄弱，需要进一步研究。
