Cao Hui, He Miao, Zhu Chong, Yuan Linlin, Dong Liwei, Bian Yanwei, Zhang Wenying, Yan Yueming
College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, P. R. China.
Proteomics. 2016 May;16(10):1515-36. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201500371. Epub 2016 Apr 27.
Two Chinese bread wheat cultivars, Jinghua 9 and Zhongmai 175, distinct in grain weight and dough quality, were used to study proteome changes in the embryo and endosperm during grain development using a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE)-based proteomics approach. In total, 138 and 127 differentially expressed protein (DEP) spots representing 116 and 113 unique DEPs were identified in the embryo and endosperm, respectively. Among them, 54 (31%) DEPs were commonly present in both organs while 62 (35%) and 59 (34%) DEPs occurred only in the embryo and endosperm, respectively. Embryonic DEPs are primarily stress-related proteins and involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while those from the endosperm are related primarily to carbohydrate metabolism and storage. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the proteome differences in the endosperm caused by different cultivars were greater than those by development stages, while the differences in the embryo showed the opposite pattern. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed a complex network centered primarily on enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The transcriptional levels of fourteen important DEPs encoding genes showed high similarity between organs and cultivars. In particular, some key DEPs of the endosperm, such as phosphoglucomutase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and sucrose synthase (SUS), showed significantly upregulated expression, indicating their key roles in starch biosynthesis and grain yield. Moreover, upregulated expression of some storage proteins in the endosperm could improve wheat bread-making quality.
选用两个粒重和面团品质不同的中国面包小麦品种京花9号和中麦175，采用基于二维差异凝胶电泳（2D-DIGE）的蛋白质组学方法，研究籽粒发育过程中胚和胚乳的蛋白质组变化。总共在胚和胚乳中分别鉴定出138个和127个差异表达蛋白（DEP）斑点，分别代表116个和113个独特的DEP。其中，54个（31%）DEP在两个器官中都普遍存在，而62个（35%）和59个（34%）DEP分别仅出现在胚和胚乳中。胚中的DEP主要是与胁迫相关的蛋白，参与碳水化合物和脂质代谢，而胚乳中的DEP主要与碳水化合物代谢和储存有关。主成分分析（PCA）表明，不同品种引起的胚乳蛋白质组差异大于发育阶段引起的差异，而胚中的差异则呈现相反的模式。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）分析揭示了一个主要以参与碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的酶为中心的复杂网络。14个重要DEP编码基因的转录水平在器官和品种之间表现出高度相似性。特别是，胚乳中的一些关键DEP，如磷酸葡萄糖变位酶、ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPase）和蔗糖合酶（SUS），表达显著上调，表明它们在淀粉生物合成和籽粒产量中的关键作用。此外，胚乳中一些贮藏蛋白的上调表达可以改善小麦的面包制作品质。
