Ellefsen Kayla N, Concheiro Marta, Pirard Sandrine, Gorelick David A, Huestis Marilyn A
Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Drug Test Anal. 2016 Mar-Apr;8(3-4):296-303. doi: 10.1002/dta.1966. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
Accurate on-site devices to screen for drug intake are critical for establishing whether an individual is driving under the influence of drugs (DUID); however, on-site oral fluid (OF) cocaine device performance is variable. We evaluated the performance of a newly developed benzoylecgonine (BE) test-strip for the Draeger® DrugTest 5000 device (20 µg/L cut-off) with equivalent cross reactivity for cocaine and BE. Ten cocaine users provided OF, collected with the Draeger cassette and Oral-Eze® and StatSure Saliva Sampler(TM) devices, up to 69 h following 25 mg intravenous cocaine administration. All screening results were confirmed by a validated two-dimensional-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D-GC-MS) method for cocaine and/or BE. Cocaine test-strip median Tlast for screening only results was 6.5 h, and 6.5 h with Oral-Eze® and 4 h for StatSure OF confirmation for cocaine and/or BE at 1, 8, and 10 µg/L; sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency ranged from 85.5 to 100% and 83.3 to 100% for cocaine only confirmation at 8 and 10 µg/L. For the BE test-strip, median Tlast was 12.5 h for screening only and confirmation for cocaine and/or BE at all three cut-offs; sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency ranged from 85.5 to 97.5% and 78.4 to 97.4% with cocaine and/or BE confirmation at 8 and 10 µg/L cut-offs, respectively. The Draeger cocaine test-strip with cocaine only confirmation offers a useful option for monitoring the acute intoxication phase of DUID; additionally the BE test-strip with cocaine and/or BE confirmation increases the length of detection of cocaine intake for workplace drug testing, drug court, parole, pain management, drug treatment programs and both the acute cocaine intoxication and cocaine crash/fatigue phase of DUID. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
用于筛查药物摄入情况的准确现场设备对于确定个体是否在药物影响下驾驶（DUID）至关重要；然而，现场口腔液（OF）可卡因检测设备的性能存在差异。我们评估了一种新开发的用于德雷格®DrugTest 5000设备（截断值为20μg/L）的苯甲酰爱康宁（BE）检测条，其对可卡因和BE具有等效交叉反应性。10名可卡因使用者在静脉注射25mg可卡因后长达69小时内提供了使用德雷格采样盒、Oral-Eze®和StatSure Saliva Sampler(TM)设备采集的口腔液。所有筛查结果均通过一种经过验证的二维气相色谱-质谱联用（2D-GC-MS）方法对可卡因和/或BE进行确认。仅用于筛查的可卡因检测条的末次检测时间中位数（Tlast）为6.5小时，使用Oral-Eze®时为6.5小时，对于StatSure口腔液在1、8和10μg/L时对可卡因和/或BE进行确认的末次检测时间为4小时；在8和10μg/L时仅对可卡因进行确认的灵敏度、特异性和效率范围分别为85.5%至100%和83.3%至100%。对于BE检测条，仅用于筛查以及在所有三个截断值下对可卡因和/或BE进行确认的末次检测时间中位数为12.5小时；在8和10μg/L截断值下对可卡因和/或BE进行确认时，灵敏度、特异性和效率范围分别为85.5%至97.5%和78.4%至97.4%。仅对可卡因进行确认的德雷格可卡因检测条为监测DUID的急性中毒阶段提供了一个有用的选择；此外，对可卡因和/或BE进行确认的BE检测条增加了工作场所药物检测、毒品法庭、假释、疼痛管理、药物治疗项目以及DUID的急性可卡因中毒和可卡因崩溃/疲劳阶段可卡因摄入检测的时长。版权所有© 2016约翰威立父子有限公司。
