Ranjan Shivendu, Dasgupta Nandita, Rajendran Bhavapriya, Avadhani Ganesh S, Ramalingam Chidambaram, Kumar Ashutosh
Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, Bihar, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Jun;23(12):12287-302. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6440-8. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. It is used for protection against UV exposure due to its light-scattering properties and high refractive index. Though TNPs are increasingly used, the synthesis of TNPs is tedious and time consuming; therefore, in the present study, microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach was used for TNP synthesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNPs can be synthesized only in 2.5 h; however, the commonly used chemical approach using muffle furnace takes 5 h. The activity of TNP depends on the synthetic protocol; therefore, the present study also determined the effect of microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach synthetic protocol on microbial and cytotoxicity. The results showed that TNP has the best antibacterial activity in decreasing order from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The IC50 values of TNP for HCT116 and A549 were found to be 6.43 and 6.04 ppm, respectively. Cell death was also confirmed from trypan blue exclusion assay and membrane integrity loss was observed. Therefore, the study determines that the microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach is time-saving; hence, this technique can be upgraded from lab scale to industrial scale via pilot plant scale. Moreover, it is necessary to find the mechanism of action at the molecular level to establish the reason for greater bacterial and cytotoxicological toxicity. Graphical abstract A graphical representation of TNP synthesis.
二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TNPs）广泛应用于制药和化妆品行业。由于其光散射特性和高折射率，它被用于防止紫外线照射。尽管TNPs的使用越来越广泛，但其合成过程繁琐且耗时；因此，在本研究中，采用微波辅助混合化学方法合成TNPs。在本研究中，我们证明TNPs仅需2.5小时即可合成；然而，常用的使用马弗炉的化学方法需要5小时。TNP的活性取决于合成方案；因此，本研究还确定了微波辅助混合化学方法合成方案对微生物和细胞毒性的影响。结果表明，TNP对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性从高到低依次最佳。TNP对HCT116和A549的IC50值分别为6.43和6.04 ppm。通过台盼蓝排斥试验也证实了细胞死亡，并观察到膜完整性丧失。因此，该研究确定微波辅助混合化学方法省时；因此，该技术可以通过中试工厂规模从实验室规模升级到工业规模。此外，有必要在分子水平上找到作用机制，以确定细菌和细胞毒性更大的原因。图形摘要TNP合成的图形表示。
