Weijermars W, Bos N, Stipdonk H
a SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research , The Hague , The Netherlands.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2016 Nov 16;17(8):863-9. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1157591. Epub 2016 Mar 16.
The consequences of injuries in terms of disabilities and health burden are relevant for policy making. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on this topic and discusses the health burden of serious road injuries in The Netherlands.
The overview of current knowledge on disabilities following a road crash is based on a literature review. The health burden of serious road injuries is quantified in terms of years lived with disability (YLD), by combining incidence data from the Dutch hospital discharge register with information about temporary and lifelong disability.
Literature shows that road traffic injuries can have a major impact on victims' physical and psychological well-being and functioning. Reported proportions of people with disability vary between 11 and 80% depending on the type of casualties, time elapsed since the crash, and the health impacts considered. Together, all casualties involving serious injuries in The Netherlands in 2009 account for about 38,000 YLD, compared to 25,000 years of life lost (YLL) of fatalities. Ninety percent of the burden of injury is due to lifelong consequences that are experienced by 20% of all those seriously injured in road accidents. Lower leg injuries and head injuries represent a high share in the total burden of injury as have cyclists that are injured in a crash without a motorized vehicle. Pedestrians and powered 2-wheeler users show the highest burden of injury per casualty.
Given their major impacts and contribution to health burden, road policy making should also be aimed at reducing the number of serious road injuries and limiting the resulting health impacts.
伤害在残疾和健康负担方面的后果与政策制定相关。本文概述了关于该主题的现有知识，并讨论了荷兰严重道路伤害的健康负担。
关于道路碰撞后残疾的现有知识概述基于文献综述。通过将荷兰医院出院登记处的发病率数据与有关临时和终身残疾的信息相结合，以残疾调整生命年（YLD）来量化严重道路伤害的健康负担。
文献表明，道路交通伤害会对受害者的身心健康和功能产生重大影响。根据伤亡类型、碰撞后经过的时间以及所考虑的健康影响，报告的残疾人士比例在11%至80%之间有所不同。2009年荷兰所有涉及重伤的伤亡总计约为38000个残疾调整生命年，而死亡造成的生命损失年数（YLL）为25000年。90%的伤害负担是由20%的道路事故重伤者所经历的终身后果造成的。小腿受伤和头部受伤在总伤害负担中占比很高，在无机动车碰撞中受伤的骑自行车者也是如此。行人及电动两轮车使用者的人均伤害负担最高。
鉴于其重大影响以及对健康负担的贡献，道路政策制定也应旨在减少严重道路伤害的数量并限制由此产生的健康影响。
