Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970 Araras, SP, Brazil.
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2017 Mar 15;89(Pt 1):224-233. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.026. Epub 2016 Mar 14.
Advances in analysis are required for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis. Graphene is a 2D material that has been extensively used in the development of devices for the medical proposes due to properties such as an elevated surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. On the other hand, architectures have been designed with the incorporation of different biological recognition elements such as antibodies/antigens and DNA probes for the proposition of immunosensors and genosensors. This field presents a great progress in the last few years, which have opened up a wide range of applications. Here, we highlight a rather comprehensive overview of the interesting properties of graphene for in vitro, in vivo, and point-of-care electrochemical biosensing. In the course of the paper, we first introduce graphene, electroanalytical methods (potentiometry, voltammetry, amperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) followed by an overview of the prospects and possible applications of this material in electrochemical biosensors. In this context, we discuss some relevant trends including the monitoring of multiple biomarkers for cancer diagnostic, implantable devices for in vivo sensing and, development of point-of-care devices to real-time diagnostics.
为了实现快速可靠的临床诊断，分析技术需要不断进步。石墨烯是一种二维材料，由于其具有较大的比表面积和优异的导电性等特性，已被广泛应用于医疗设备的开发中。另一方面，已经设计了各种架构，将不同的生物识别元件（如抗体/抗原和 DNA 探针）结合进去，以提出免疫传感器和基因传感器。近年来，该领域取得了重大进展，开辟了广泛的应用途径。在这里，我们重点全面概述了石墨烯在体外、体内和即时医疗点电化学生物传感方面的有趣特性。在本文中，我们首先介绍了石墨烯和电化学生物传感器分析方法（电位法、伏安法、安培法和电化学阻抗谱），然后概述了这种材料在电化学生物传感器中的应用前景和可能的应用。在这方面，我们讨论了一些相关的趋势，包括用于癌症诊断的多个生物标志物的监测、用于体内传感的可植入设备以及用于实时诊断的即时医疗点设备的开发。
