Wang Yan, Wang Liuqing, Liu Fei, Wang Qi, Selvaraj Jonathan Nimal, Xing Fuguo, Zhao Yueju, Liu Yang
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Nongda South Road, Xibeiwang Town, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 1 Nongda South Road, Xibeiwang Town, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2016 Mar 21;8(3):83. doi: 10.3390/toxins8030083.
Ochratoxin A (OTA), mainly produced by Aspergillus and Penicillum species, is one of the most important mycotoxin contaminants in agricultural products. It is detrimental to human health because of its nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and immunosuppression. OTA structurally consists of adihydrocoumarin moiety linked with l-phenylalanine via an amide bond. OTA biosynthesis has been putatively hypothesized, although several contradictions exist on some processes of the biosynthetic pathway. We discuss recent information on molecular studies of OTA biosynthesis despite insufficient genetic background in detail. Accordingly, genetic regulation has also been explored with regard to the interaction between the regulators and the environmental factors. In this review, we focus on three aspects of OTA: OTA-producing strains, OTA biosynthetic pathway and the regulation mechanisms of OTA production. This can pave the way to assist in protecting food and feed from OTA contamination by understanding OTA biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanisms.
赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）主要由曲霉属和青霉属物种产生，是农产品中最重要的霉菌毒素污染物之一。由于其具有肾毒性、肝毒性、致癌性、致畸性和免疫抑制作用，对人体健康有害。OTA在结构上由一个二氢香豆素部分通过酰胺键与L-苯丙氨酸相连。尽管在生物合成途径的某些过程中存在一些矛盾，但OTA的生物合成已被推测性地假设。我们详细讨论了关于OTA生物合成分子研究的最新信息，尽管其遗传背景尚不充分。因此，关于调节因子与环境因素之间的相互作用，也对遗传调控进行了探索。在本综述中，我们关注OTA的三个方面：OTA产生菌株、OTA生物合成途径以及OTA产生的调控机制。通过了解OTA生物合成途径和调控机制，这可为协助保护食品和饲料免受OTA污染铺平道路。
