Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
Health Effects Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 May 17;50(10):4895-904. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03827. Epub 2016 May 5.
Air pollution contributes to the premature deaths of millions of people each year around the world, and air quality problems are growing in many developing nations. While past policy efforts have succeeded in reducing particulate matter and trace gases in North America and Europe, adverse health effects are found at even these lower levels of air pollution. Future policy actions will benefit from improved understanding of the interactions and health effects of different chemical species and source categories. Achieving this new understanding requires air pollution scientists and engineers to work increasingly closely with health scientists. In particular, research is needed to better understand the chemical and physical properties of complex air pollutant mixtures, and to use new observations provided by satellites, advanced in situ measurement techniques, and distributed micro monitoring networks, coupled with models, to better characterize air pollution exposure for epidemiological and toxicological research, and to better quantify the effects of specific source sectors and mitigation strategies.
空气污染导致了全球每年数百万人的过早死亡，并且空气质量问题在许多发展中国家也日益严重。尽管过去的政策努力已经成功地减少了北美和欧洲的颗粒物和痕量气体，但即使在这些较低水平的空气污染下，也发现了不良的健康影响。未来的政策行动将得益于对不同化学物质和源类别相互作用和健康影响的更好理解。要实现这一新的认识，需要空气污染科学家和工程师与健康科学家更紧密地合作。特别是，需要开展研究，以更好地了解复杂空气污染物混合物的化学和物理特性，并利用卫星、先进的现场测量技术和分布式微观监测网络提供的新观测结果，结合模型，更好地描述流行病学和毒理学研究中的空气污染暴露情况，并更好地量化特定源部门和缓解策略的影响。
