Faria Nuno Rodrigues, Azevedo Raimunda do Socorro da Silva, Kraemer Moritz U G, Souza Renato, Cunha Mariana Sequetin, Hill Sarah C, Thézé Julien, Bonsall Michael B, Bowden Thomas A, Rissanen Ilona, Rocco Iray Maria, Nogueira Juliana Silva, Maeda Adriana Yurika, Vasami Fernanda Giseli da Silva, Macedo Fernando Luiz de Lima, Suzuki Akemi, Rodrigues Sueli Guerreiro, Cruz Ana Cecilia Ribeiro, Nunes Bruno Tardeli, Medeiros Daniele Barbosa de Almeida, Rodrigues Daniela Sueli Guerreiro, Queiroz Alice Louize Nunes, da Silva Eliana Vieira Pinto, Henriques Daniele Freitas, da Rosa Elisabeth Salbe Travassos, de Oliveira Consuelo Silva, Martins Livia Caricio, Vasconcelos Helena Baldez, Casseb Livia Medeiros Neves, Simith Darlene de Brito, Messina Jane P, Abade Leandro, Lourenço José, Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior, de Lima Maricélia Maia, Giovanetti Marta, Hay Simon I, de Oliveira Rodrigo Santos, Lemos Poliana da Silva, de Oliveira Layanna Freitas, de Lima Clayton Pereira Silva, da Silva Sandro Patroca, de Vasconcelos Janaina Mota, Franco Luciano, Cardoso Jedson Ferreira, Vianez-Júnior João Lídio da Silva Gonçalves, Mir Daiana, Bello Gonzalo, Delatorre Edson, Khan Kamran, Creatore Marisa, Coelho Giovanini Evelim, de Oliveira Wanderson Kleber, Tesh Robert, Pybus Oliver G, Nunes Marcio R T, Vasconcelos Pedro F C
Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, 67030-000, Brazil.
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK.
Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):345-349. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5036. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ~30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015, and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. We performed next-generation sequencing to generate seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Results of phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, which we estimated to have occurred between May and December 2013, more than 12 months before the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV-endemic areas, as well as with reported outbreaks in the Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however, no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this correlation does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of this emerging virus in the Americas.
巴西经历了前所未有的寨卡病毒（ZIKV）疫情，迄今已报告约3万例病例。2015年5月在巴西首次检测到ZIKV，2015年11月发现了可能与ZIKV感染相关的小头畸形病例。我们进行了二代测序，以生成7个巴西ZIKV基因组，这些基因组取自4例自限性病例、1名献血者、1例成年死亡病例以及1例患有小头畸形和先天性畸形的新生儿。系统发育和分子钟分析结果显示，ZIKV单次传入美洲，我们估计这发生在2013年5月至12月之间，比在巴西检测到ZIKV早12个月以上。估计的起源日期与来自ZIKV流行地区前往巴西的航空旅客增加以及太平洋岛屿报告的疫情爆发时间相吻合。来自巴西的ZIKV基因组在系统发育上与来自其他南美和加勒比国家的基因组相互穿插。将突变映射到现有的结构模型上揭示了疫情谱系中存在的病毒氨基酸变化情况；然而，在目前可获得的3个小头畸形病例病毒基因组中未发现共同的氨基酸变化。市级发病率数据表明，巴西疑似小头畸形的报告与妊娠第17周左右的ZIKV发病率相关性最佳，尽管这种相关性并不能证明因果关系。我们对巴西ZIKV分离株的基因描述和分析为今后研究这种新兴病毒在美洲的进化和分子流行病学提供了基线。
