Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jan 29;65(3):55-8. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e1.
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 (1). Before 2007, only sporadic human disease cases were reported from countries in Africa and Asia. In 2007, the first documented outbreak of Zika virus disease was reported in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia; 73% of the population aged ≥3 years is estimated to have been infected (2). Subsequent outbreaks occurred in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific (3). In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas (Americas), with autochthonous cases identified in Brazil (4). In December, the Ministry of Health estimated that 440,000-1,300,000 suspected cases of Zika virus disease had occurred in Brazil in 2015 (5). By January 20, 2016, locally-transmitted cases had been reported to the Pan American Health Organization from Puerto Rico and 19 other countries or territories in the Americas* (Figure) (6). Further spread to other countries in the region is being monitored closely.
Zika 病毒是一种蚊媒黄病毒，于 1947 年在乌干达首次被发现（1）。2007 年之前，仅在非洲和亚洲的一些国家报告了零星的人类疾病病例。2007 年，在密克罗尼西亚联邦的雅浦州报告了首例有记录的 Zika 病毒病暴发；估计≥3 岁的人群中有 73%被感染（2）。随后在东南亚和西太平洋地区也暴发了疫情（3）。2015 年 5 月，世界卫生组织报告称，美洲地区首次出现 Zika 病毒的本地传播，巴西境内发现了本土病例（4）。12 月，卫生部估计 2015 年巴西发生了 44 万至 130 万例 Zika 病毒病疑似病例（5）。截至 2016 年 1 月 20 日，泛美卫生组织收到了来自波多黎各和美洲其他 19 个国家或地区的本地传播病例报告（图）（6）。正在密切监测该地区其他国家的进一步传播情况。
