Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2016 Mar 15;3:11. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00011. eCollection 2016.
The use of antifungal drugs in the therapy of fungal diseases can lead to the development of antifungal resistance. Resistance has been described for virtually all antifungal agents in diverse pathogens, including Candida and Aspergillus species. The majority of resistance mechanisms have also been elucidated at the molecular level in these pathogens. Drug resistance genes and genome mutations have been identified. Therapeutic choices are limited for the control of fungal diseases, and it is tempting to combine several drugs to achieve better therapeutic efficacy. In the recent years, several novel resistance patterns have been observed, including antifungal resistance originating from environmental sources in Aspergillus fumigatus and the emergence of simultaneous resistance to different antifungal classes (multidrug resistance) in different Candida species. This review will summarize these current trends.
抗真菌药物在真菌病治疗中的应用可能导致抗真菌耐药性的产生。几乎所有抗真菌药物在不同病原体中都有耐药性的描述，包括念珠菌和曲霉属物种。这些病原体的分子水平也已经阐明了大多数耐药机制。已经确定了耐药基因和基因组突变。控制真菌感染的治疗选择有限，联合使用几种药物以提高治疗效果是很有吸引力的。近年来，已经观察到几种新的耐药模式，包括来自环境来源的烟曲霉中的抗真菌耐药性，以及不同念珠菌物种中同时对不同抗真菌药物类别的耐药性（多药耐药性）的出现。本综述将总结这些当前的趋势。
