Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
J Exp Bot. 2020 Jan 7;71(2):569-594. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz333.
Among various abiotic stresses, heat stress is one of the most damaging, threatening plant productivity and survival all over the world. Warmer temperatures due to climatic anomalies above optimum growing temperatures have detrimental impacts on crop yield potential as well as plant distribution patterns. Heat stress affects overall plant metabolism in terms of physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. Membrane damage, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species are some of the harmful effects of heat stress that cause injury to various cellular compartments. Although plants are equipped with various defense strategies to counteract these adversities, their defensive means are not sufficient to defend against the ever-rising temperatures. Hence, substantial yield losses have been observed in all crop species under heat stress. Here, we describe the involvement of various plant growth-regulators (PGRs) (hormones, polyamines, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other signaling molecules) in thermotolerance, through diverse cellular mechanisms that protect cells under heat stress. Several studies involving the exogenous application of PGRs to heat-stressed plants have demonstrated their role in imparting tolerance, suggesting the strong potential of these molecules in improving the performance of food crops grown under high temperature.
在各种非生物胁迫中，热胁迫是最具破坏性的一种，威胁着全世界植物的生产力和生存。由于气候异常导致温度高于最适生长温度，全球变暖对作物产量潜力和植物分布模式都有不利影响。热胁迫会影响植物的整体代谢，包括生理学、生物化学和基因表达。膜损伤、蛋白质降解、酶失活和活性氧物质的积累是热胁迫对各种细胞区室造成伤害的一些有害影响。尽管植物已经配备了各种防御策略来对抗这些逆境，但它们的防御手段还不足以抵御不断上升的温度。因此，在热胁迫下，所有作物品种的产量都出现了大幅下降。在这里，我们描述了各种植物生长调节剂（PGRs）（激素、多胺、渗透调节剂、抗氧化剂和其他信号分子）通过不同的细胞机制参与耐热性，这些机制可以在热胁迫下保护细胞。多项涉及外源施加 PGRs 到热胁迫植物的研究表明它们在赋予耐受性方面的作用，这表明这些分子在提高高温下生长的粮食作物的性能方面具有很大的潜力。
