Alahari S V, Eastlack S C, Alahari S K
Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center School of Medicine New Orleans, LA, USA.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2016;324:229-54. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.01.004. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
Recent advances in sequencing technology have dramatically improved the ability of investigators to study nucleic acid biology. Bolstered by these new and powerful techniques, the field of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) research, in particular, has witnessed a period of significant progress, wherein multiple new and unique species of ncRNA elements have been discovered and characterized. The current categories of ncRNAs include tRNA, rRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, piRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA, among others. The largest of these RNAs are the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that perform a diverse set of functions within the cell. Importantly, lncRNAs have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple types of cancer, including breast, lung, gastric, liver, and prostate. This reviews the major lncRNAs currently believed to play a role in human malignancies with a special emphasis on lncRNAs germane to cancer of the prostate gland. Continued investigation of lncRNA will likely prove to be exceedingly valuable, as they may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. In addition, lncRNAs offer the potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer. The present state of lncRNA-based strategies for use in the management of cancer will also be highlighted.
测序技术的最新进展极大地提高了研究人员研究核酸生物学的能力。在这些强大新技术的推动下，尤其是非编码RNA（ncRNA）研究领域取得了显著进展，在此期间发现并表征了多种新的独特ncRNA元件。目前ncRNA的类别包括tRNA、rRNA、snoRNA、snRNA、piRNA、miRNA和lncRNA等。其中最大的RNA是长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），它们在细胞内执行多种功能。重要的是，lncRNA最近被认为与多种类型癌症的发病机制有关，包括乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、肝癌和前列腺癌。本文综述了目前认为在人类恶性肿瘤中起作用的主要lncRNA，特别强调了与前列腺癌相关的lncRNA。对lncRNA的持续研究可能会被证明具有极高的价值，因为它们可能为癌症治疗提供新的治疗靶点。此外，lncRNA有潜力作为癌症的诊断和预后生物标志物。本文还将重点介绍基于lncRNA的策略在癌症管理中的应用现状。
