Yasunaga Masashi, Murayama Yoh, Takahashi Tomoya, Ohba Hiromi, Suzuki Hiroyuki, Nonaka Kumiko, Kuraoka Masataka, Sakurai Ryota, Nishi Mariko, Sakuma Naoko, Kobayashi Erika, Shinkai Shoji, Fujiwara Yoshinori
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016 Mar;16 Suppl 1:98-109. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12770.
Compelling evidence supporting the benefits of social engagement in older adults has been increasingly discussed. However, knowledge regarding an intergenerational program is limited. Herein, we provide a targeted review of intergenerational programs by focusing on our novel interventional program, Research on Productivity through Intergenerational Sympathy. The Research on Productivity through Intergenerational Sympathy program is an intergenerational picture-book reading program launched in 2004. Participants were involved a 3-month intensive weekly training seminar comprising classes about book selection, reading techniques and basic knowledge of children's school life. Subsequently, they participated in group activities that involved playing a hand game, and reading picture books to children at kindergartens, elementary schools and public childcare centers, once every 1-2 weeks. The Research on Productivity through Intergenerational Sympathy program has shown improvement of physical and psychological functioning of older adults and healthy upbringing of children. Similarly, Experience Corps - designed to train and place volunteers in participating elementary schools for an academic year during which time they assist teachers - also showed positive effects for older adults' health status and the psychological/academic success of young children in the USA. Health promotion efforts for older adults must support social policy for the creation of meaningful service programs for older adults on a large social scale. As such, an intergenerational program based on the concept of social capital, defined as "features of social organization, such as trust, norms and networks, that can improve the efficacy of society by facilitating coordinated actions," is an effective and sustainable program for health promotion among older adults.
支持老年人参与社交活动有益的有力证据已被越来越多地讨论。然而，关于代际项目的知识却很有限。在此，我们通过聚焦我们新颖的干预项目“通过代际共情提高生产力研究”，对代际项目进行有针对性的综述。“通过代际共情提高生产力研究”项目是2004年启动的一个代际绘本阅读项目。参与者参加了为期3个月的每周强化培训研讨会，内容包括图书选择、阅读技巧以及儿童学校生活的基础知识课程。随后，他们参加小组活动，包括玩手部游戏，以及每1 - 2周一次到幼儿园、小学和公共托儿所为孩子们朗读绘本。“通过代际共情提高生产力研究”项目已显示出老年人身体和心理功能的改善以及儿童的健康成长。同样，“经验军团”（旨在培训志愿者并将其安置在参与项目的小学一学年，在此期间他们协助教师）在美国也显示出对老年人健康状况以及幼儿心理/学业成就的积极影响。针对老年人的健康促进工作必须支持社会政策，以便在大规模社会层面为老年人创建有意义的服务项目。因此，基于社会资本概念（定义为“社会组织的特征，如信任、规范和网络，可通过促进协调行动提高社会效能”）的代际项目，是促进老年人健康的有效且可持续的项目。
