Ye Yuqin, Xu Hongyu, Su Xinhong, He Xiaosheng
Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha 410000, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Neural Plast. 2016;2016:4959523. doi: 10.1155/2016/4959523. Epub 2016 Mar 13.
Although synaptic plasticity in neural circuits is orchestrated by an ocean of genes, molecules, and proteins, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recently, it is well acknowledged that miRNA exerts widespread regulation over the translation and degradation of target gene in nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that quite a few specific miRNAs play important roles in various respects of synaptic plasticity including synaptogenesis, synaptic morphology alteration, and synaptic function modification. More importantly, the miRNA-mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity is not only responsible for synapse development and function but also involved in the pathophysiology of plasticity-related diseases. A review is made here on the function of miRNAs in governing synaptic plasticity, emphasizing the emerging regulatory role of individual miRNAs in synaptic morphological and functional plasticity, as well as their implications in neurological disorders. Understanding of the way in which miRNAs contribute to synaptic plasticity provides rational clues in establishing the novel therapeutic strategy for plasticity-related diseases.
尽管神经回路中的突触可塑性是由大量基因、分子和蛋白质共同调控的，但其潜在机制仍知之甚少。最近，人们普遍认识到，微小RNA（miRNA）在神经系统中对靶基因的翻译和降解发挥着广泛的调控作用。越来越多的证据表明，相当多的特定miRNA在突触可塑性的各个方面发挥着重要作用，包括突触形成、突触形态改变和突触功能修饰。更重要的是，miRNA介导的突触可塑性调控不仅负责突触的发育和功能，还参与了可塑性相关疾病的病理生理学过程。本文综述了miRNA在调控突触可塑性中的作用，重点强调了单个miRNA在突触形态和功能可塑性中新兴的调控作用，以及它们在神经系统疾病中的意义。了解miRNA对突触可塑性的作用方式，为建立可塑性相关疾病的新型治疗策略提供了合理线索。
