Strojny Paweł, Kossowska Małgorzata, Strojny Agnieszka
Social Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian UniversityKraków, Poland; Neurocognitive Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Pedagogical University of CracowKraków, Poland.
Social Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University Kraków, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2016 Mar 22;7:395. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00395. eCollection 2016.
Motivation and cognitive capacity are key factors in people's everyday struggle with uncertainty. However, the exact nature of their interplay in various contexts still needs to be revealed. The presented paper reports on two experimental studies which aimed to examine the joint consequences of motivational and cognitive factors for preferences regarding incomplete information expansion. In Study 1 we demonstrate the interactional effect of motivation and cognitive capacity on information preference. High need for closure resulted in a stronger relative preference for expectancy-inconsistent information among non-depleted individuals, but the opposite among cognitively depleted ones. This effect was explained by the different informative value of questions in comparison to affirmative sentences and the potential possibility of assimilation of new information if it contradicts prior knowledge. In Study 2 we further investigated the obtained effect, showing that not only questions but also other kinds of incomplete information are subject to the same dependency. Our results support the expectation that, in face of incomplete information, motivation toward closure may be fulfilled efficiently by focusing on expectancy-inconsistent pieces of data. We discuss the obtained effect in the context of previous assumptions that high need for closure results in a simple processing style, advocating a more complex approach based on the character of the provided information.
动机和认知能力是人们在日常应对不确定性时的关键因素。然而，它们在各种情境中相互作用的确切性质仍有待揭示。本文报告了两项实验研究，旨在考察动机和认知因素对不完全信息扩展偏好的联合影响。在研究1中，我们证明了动机和认知能力对信息偏好的交互作用。高闭合需求导致非疲劳个体对期望不一致信息的相对偏好更强，但在认知疲劳个体中则相反。这种效应可以通过与肯定句相比问题的不同信息价值以及如果新信息与先验知识相矛盾时同化新信息的潜在可能性来解释。在研究2中，我们进一步研究了所获得的效应，表明不仅问题，而且其他类型的不完全信息也受到相同的依赖性影响。我们的结果支持这样一种预期，即面对不完全信息时，通过关注期望不一致的数据片段，可以有效地满足对闭合的动机。我们在先前关于高闭合需求导致简单加工方式的假设背景下讨论所获得的效应，主张基于所提供信息的特征采用更复杂的方法。
