Pica Gennaro, Chernikova Marina, Pierro Antonio, Giannini Anna Maria, Kruglanski Arie W
University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.
Front Psychol. 2018 Oct 23;9:2030. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02030. eCollection 2018.
Recalling information from a particular category can reduce one's memory capability for related, non-retrieved information. This is known as the retrieval-induced forgetting effect (RIF; Anderson et al., 1994). The present paper reviews studies that show that the RIF effect is motivated. More specifically, we describe research showing that the need for closure (NFC; the motivation to attain epistemic certainty; Kruglanski and Webster, 1996) generally the RIF, because this prevents uncertainty and confusion from the intrusion of unwanted memories during selective-retrieval. However, when the content of the to-be-forgotten information serves the retriever's goals, NFC RIF. Overall, the present findings are consistent with the view that motivation can affect the magnitude of RIF effects which, in turn, can serve as a mechanism for reaching preferred conclusions.
回忆某一特定类别的信息会降低一个人对相关的、未被提取信息的记忆能力。这被称为提取诱发遗忘效应（RIF；安德森等人，1994年）。本文回顾了一些研究，这些研究表明RIF效应是有动机的。更具体地说，我们描述的研究表明，认知闭合需要（NFC；获得认知确定性的动机；克鲁格兰斯基和韦伯斯特，1996年）通常会增强RIF，因为这可以防止在选择性提取过程中不必要的记忆干扰带来的不确定性和混乱。然而，当要被遗忘的信息内容符合提取者的目标时，NFC会减弱RIF。总体而言，目前的研究结果与以下观点一致，即动机可以影响RIF效应的大小，而RIF效应反过来又可以作为达成偏好结论的一种机制。
